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Fosil ular tertua di dunia : kembali ke hampir 70 juta tahun lalu

Date:

January 27, 2015

Source:

University of Alberta

Summary:

Fosil empat ular kuno  antara usia 140 dan 167 juta tahun - hampir 70 juta tahun lebih tua dari rekor  fosil ular kuno sebelumnya - dan mengubah cara kita berpikir tentang asal-usul ular .....read more

The world's oldest known snake fossils:
Rolling back the clock by nearly 70 million years

Date:

January 27, 2015

Source:

University of Alberta

Summary:

Fossilized remains of four ancient snakes have been dated between 140 and
167 million years old -- nearly 70 million years older than the previous record
of ancient snake fossils -- and are changing the way we think about the origins
of snakes.

............................

Fossilized remains of four ancient snakes between 140 and 167 million years
old are changing the way we think about the origin of snakes, and how and when
it happened.

The discovery by an international team of researchers, including University
of Alberta professor Michael Caldwell, rolls back the clock on snake evolution
by nearly 70 million years.

"The study explores the idea that evolution within the group called
'snakes' is much more complex than previously thought," says Caldwell,
professor in the Faculty of Science and lead author of the study published
today in Nature Communications."Importantly, there is now a
significant knowledge gap to be bridged by future research, as no fossils
snakes are known from between 140 to 100 million years ago."

New knowledge from ancient serpents

The oldest known snake, from an area near Kirtlington in Southern
England, Eophis underwoodi, is known only from very fragmentary
remains and was a small individual, though it is hard to say how old it was at
the time it died. The largest snake,Portugalophis lignites, from coal
deposits near Guimarota in Portugal, was a much bigger individual at about a
metre long. Several of these ancient snakes (Eophis, Portugalophis andParviraptor)
were living in swampy coastal areas on large island chains in western parts of
ancient Europe. The North American species, Diablophis gilmorei,
was found in river deposits from some distance inland in western Colorado.

This new study makes it clear that the sudden appearance of snakes some 100
million years ago reflects a gap in the fossil record, not an explosive
radiation of early snakes. From 167 to 100 million years ago, snakes were
radiating and evolving toward the elongated, limb-reduced body shape
characterizing the now well known, ~100-90 million year old, marine snakes from
the West Bank, Lebanon and Argentina, that still possess small but
well-developed rear limbs.

Caldwell notes that the identification of definitive snake skull features
reveals that the fossils -- previously associated with other non-snake lizard
remains -- represent a much earlier time frame for the first appearance of
snakes.

"Based on the new evidence and through comparison to living legless
lizards that are not snakes, the paper explores the novel idea that the
evolution of the characteristic snake skull and its parts appeared long before
snakes lost their legs," he explains.

He adds that the distribution of these newly identified oldest snakes, and
the anatomy of the skull and skeletal elements, makes it clear that even older
snake fossils are waiting to be found.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SJFHsMO1BU







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by University of Alberta. The original article
was written by Julie Naylor. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Michael W. Caldwell, Randall L. Nydam, Alessandro Palci, Sebastián
Apesteguía. The oldest known snakes from the Middle Jurassic-Lower
Cretaceous provide insights on snake evolution. Nature
Communications, 2015; 6: 5996 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6996

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150127122446.htm

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