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Penemuan baru-baru ini dari , fosil 47 juta tahun  dari kadal kecil  yang disebut Cryptolacerta hassiaca memberikan bukti anatomis pertama bahwa bentuk tubuh ular dan kadal tanpa kaki berkembang secara mandiri ....more

Lizard fossil provides missing link to
show body shapes of snakes and limbless lizards evolved independently

Date:

May 19, 2011

Source:

University of Toronto

Summary:

The recent discovery of a tiny, 47 million-year-old fossil of a lizard
called Cryptolacerta hassiaca provides the first anatomical
evidence that the body shapes of snakes and limbless lizards evolved
independently.

,..........................

Until a recent discovery, theories about the origins and evolutionary
relationships of snakes barely had a leg to stand on.

Genetic studies suggest that snakes are related to monitor lizards and
iguanas, while their anatomy points to amphisbaenians ("worm
lizards"), a group of burrowing lizards with snake-like bodies. The debate
has been unresolved--until now. The recent discovery by researchers from the
University of Toronto Mississauga and the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germany
of a tiny, 47 million-year-old fossil of a lizard calledCryptolacerta
hassiaca provides the first anatomical evidence that the body shapes
of snakes and limbless lizards evolved independently.

"This fossil refutes the theory that snakes and other burrowing
reptiles share a common ancestry and reveals that their body shapes evolved
independently," says lead author Professor Johannes Müller of
Humboldt-Universität, Berlin.

The fossil reveals that amphisbaenians are not closely related to snakes,
but instead are related to lacertids, a group of limbed lizards from Europe,
Africa and Asia. "This is the sort of study that shows the unique
contributions of fossils in understanding evolutionary relationships,"
says Professor Robert Reisz from the University of Toronto Mississauga, the
senior author of the study. "It is particularly exciting to see that tiny
fossil skeletons can answer some really important questions in vertebrate
evolution."

The German research team, led by Müller and American graduate student
Christy Hipsley, used X-ray computed tomography to reveal the detailed anatomy
of the lizard's skull and combined the anatomy of Cryptolacerta and
other lizards with DNA from living lizards and snakes to analyze relationships.
Their results showed that Cryptolacerta shared a thickened,
reinforced skull with worm lizards and that both were most closely related to
lacertids, while snakes were related to monitor lizards like the living Komodo
dragons.

Even though snakes and amphisbaeans separately evolved their elongate,
limbless bodies, the discovery of Cryptolacertareveals the early
stages in the evolution of burrowing in lizards. By comparing Cryptolactera to
living lizards with known lifestyles, co-author and U of T Mississauga
paleontologist Jason Head determined that the animal likely inhabited
leaf-litter environments and was an opportunistic burrower.

"Cryptolacerta shows us the early ecology of one of the
most unique and specialized lizard groups, and also reveals the sequence of
anatomical adaptations leading to amphisbaenians and their burrowing
lifestyle," says Head. "Based on this discovery, it appears worm-lizards
evolved head first."

The findings appear in the journal Nature.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by University of Toronto. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Johannes Müller, Christy A. Hipsley, Jason J. Head, Nikolay Kardjilov,
André Hilger, Michael Wuttke, Robert R. Reisz.Eocene lizard from Germany
reveals amphisbaenian origins. Nature, 2011; 473 (7347): 364
DOI:10.1038/nature09919

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110518131416.htm

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