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Kekuatan estrogen : ular jantan  menarik jantan lainnya 

Sebuah studi baru menunjukkan bahwa meningkatkan kadar estrogen ular garter jantan menyebabkan mereka mengeluarkan feromon yang sama dengan yang digunakan betina   , dan berbalik membuat si jantan  hampir menjadi  ular paling seksi di lingkungannya dan  - menarik puluhan jantan lain untuk  mate.....read more

The power of estrogen: Male snakes
attract other males

Date:

February 10, 2012

Source:

Oregon State University

Summary:

A new study has shown that boosting the estrogen levels of male garter
snakes causes them to secrete the same pheromones that females use to attract
suitors, and turned the males into just about the sexiest snake in the
neighborhood -- attracting dozens of other males eager to mate.

.......................

A new study has shown that boosting the estrogen levels of male garter
snakes causes them to secrete the same pheromones that females use to attract
suitors, and turned the males into just about the sexiest snake in the
neighborhood -- attracting dozens of other males eager to mate.

This experiment in the famed garter snake caverns of Manitoba, Canada, was
one of the first in a field setting to ever quantify the effects of estrogen as
a stimulant of pheromones, scientists said, in research just published in
the Journal of Experimental Biology.

This estrogen, they said, is the same exact chemical found in many animal
species, ranging from snakes to amphibians, fish, mammals and humans. The
research confirms once again the unusually powerful role that estrogen can play
in biology, and is also relevant to widespread concern about the environmental
impact of compounds that mimic the effect of estrogen, found in some chemicals
and pesticides.

In this study, male snakes were implanted with a small capsule that raised
their estrogen level to about that of female snakes. After one year of this estrogen
supplementation, the male snakes exuded a pheromone that caused other males to
swarm to them and form the writhing "mating balls" that this species
of garter snake is known for.

And just as the pheromone production could be stimulated, it could be taken
away, the scientists found. When the supplementation was removed for a year,
the males reverted to normal function and behavior.

"We thought this might work, but we we're surprised the results were
so compelling," said Robert Mason, a professor of zoology and one of the
world's leading experts on reptilian pheromones. "The amount of estrogen
the male snakes received was nothing unusual, just about what a normal female
would produce.

"And this was not just some laboratory test," he said.
"These snakes were trying to mate in a natural outdoor environment, in
which the males were absolutely sure they had identified a female snake."

The red-sided garter snake studied in this research depends totally upon
pheromones for males to be attracted to and identify female snakes, by actually
licking the female with a quick flick of their tongue. But the chemical cues
are so extraordinary that in an instant, from one lick, the male can determine
the species, sex, population, season, reproductive condition, size and age of
its possible partner.

Pheromones are chemical cues that can provide a range of information, and
often play a critical role in sexual attraction and reproduction. Snakes are a
good model for studying them, Mason said, because they are totally dependent
upon them for reproduction.

In garter snakes, the experiments showed just how powerful the mechanism
is. Large and older females, preferred by male snakes because they can produce
more babies, also have a slightly different chemical signature in their pheromone.
Young, small, females can still attract suitors, but not as readily.

When male snakes had their estrogen levels elevated, their pheromone
production was so strong that other male snakes actually preferred them to
small female snakes.

Snakes use a "vomeronasal" organ in the upper palate of their
mouth that plays a key role in this sensing process. Other animals, such as
dogs, also have keen vomeronasal sensing abilities. Humans still have this
organ, but it's unclear what role, if any, it plays in human sensory ability,
Mason said.

The area where this research was done is a natural wonder, many scientists
say, attracting hordes of tourists. Each spring, tens of thousands of snakes
emerge from limestone caves north of Manitoba, Canada, in an intense competition
to mate. Female snakes are swarmed as they emerge from the caves by multiple
males that form large, twisting balls, attempting to be the first to mate with
the female.

After that, a different pheromone is emitted which confirms the mating has
been accomplished, and the other males lose interest and leave.

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by Oregon State University. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
M. R. Parker, R. T. Mason. How to make a sexy snake: estrogen
activation of female sex pheromone in male red-sided garter snakes. Journal
of Experimental Biology, 2012; 215 (5): 723 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.064923

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120210111302.htm

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