Mekanisme kompleks mengendalikan perubahan identifikasi venom ular oleh para ilmuwan--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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Mekanisme kompleks mengendalikan perubahan identifikasi venom ular  oleh para ilmuwan

Variasi racun dalam spesies ular yang terkait erat telah menjadi fokus dari penelitian terbaru . Tim peneliti menilai komposisi racun dari enam ular viper terkait , memeriksa perbedaan dalam ekspresi gen dan protein yang mempengaruhi konten racun . Penelitian ini juga menilai bagaimana perubahan ini dalam komposisi racun berdampak pada induksi-racun perdarahan dan koagulasi patologi , dan bagaimana perubahan ini dapat mempengaruhi antivenoms yang  digunakan untuk mengobati gigitan ular ....read more

Complex mechanisms controlling changes
in snake venom identified by scientists

Date:

June 10, 2014

Source:

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

Summary:

Venom variation in closely related snake species has been the focus of a
recent study. The research team assessed the venom composition of six related
viperid snakes, examining the differences in gene and protein expression that
influence venom content. The research also assessed how these changes in venom
composition impacted upon venom-induced haemorrhage and coagulation
pathologies, and how these changes can adversely affect antivenoms used to
treat snakebite.

.......................

Specialist researchers from LSTM have identified the diverse mechanisms by
which variations in venom occur in related snake species and the significant
differences in venom pathology that occur as a consequence.

Working with colleagues from Bangor University and Instituto de Biomedicina
de Valencia in Spain, the team assessed the venom composition of six related
viperid snakes, examining the differences in gene and protein expression that
influence venom content. The research, published in PNAS, also
assessed how these changes in venom composition impacted upon venom-induced
haemorrhage and coagulation pathologies, and how these changes can adversely
affect antivenoms used to treat snakebite.

LSTM's Dr Nicholas Casewell, first author and NERC Research Fellow, said:
"Our work shows that venom variation observed between related snake
species is the result of a complex interaction between a variety of genetic and
postgenomic factors acting on toxin genes. This can involve different genes
housed in the genome being turned on or off in different snakes at different
stages of venom toxin production. Ultimately, the resulting venom variation
results in significant differences in venom-induced pathology and lethality and
can undermine the efficacy of antivenom therapies used to treat human snakebite
victims."

Every year, snakebites kill up to 90,000 people, mostly in impoverished,
rural tropical areas, as well as causing thousands of debilitating injuries to
survivors, in part the reason that snakebite has the status of a neglected
tropical disease. Antivenom can work but its efficacy is largely restricted to
the snake species used in its manufactures and is often ineffective in treating
snakebite by different, even closely related species.

LSTM's Dr Robert Harrison, senior author of the study and Head of the
Alistair Reid Venom Unit, said: "The findings underscore challenges to
developing broad-spectrum snakebite treatments, because conventional antivenom
is produced by immunizing horses or sheep with the venom from a specific
species of snake. Consequently, antivenin produced for one species of
saw-scaled viper will not necessarily neutralize the venom of another species
of saw-scaled viper, highlighting how changes in venom composition can
adversely affect snakebite therapy."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
N. R. Casewell, S. C. Wagstaff, W. Wuster, D. A. N. Cook, F. M. S. Bolton,
S. I. King, D. Pla, L. Sanz, J. J. Calvete, R. A. Harrison. Medically
important differences in snake venom composition are dictated by distinct
postgenomic mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 2014; DOI:10.1073/pnas.1405484111

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140610101324.htm

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