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Aktivitas otak pada bayi memprediksi hasil bahasa dalam gangguan spektrum autisme

Gangguan spektrum autisme dapat menghasilkan hasil klinis yang berbeda pada anak-anak , dengan beberapa memiliki kemampuan percakapan yang kuat dan yang lain tidak berbicara sama sekali .... Sebuah studi baru mengungkapkan pada tanda-tanda pertama  autisme pada bayi dan balita , aktivitas saraf di daerah otak bahasa - sensitif sudah mirip dengan normal pada  spektrum autisme gangguan balita yang akhirnya terus mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa yang baik tapi hampir tidak ada pada mereka yang kemudian memiliki hasil bahasa yang buruk ....read more

Brain activity
in infants predicts language outcomes in autism spectrum disorder

Date:

April 9, 2015

Source:

Cell Press

Summary:

Autism spectrum
disorder can produce different clinical outcomes in young children, with some
having strong conversation abilities and others not talking at all. A new study
reveals at the first signs of possible autism in infants and toddlers, neural
activity in language-sensitive brain regions is already similar to normal in
those autism spectrum disorder toddlers who eventually go on to develop good
language ability but nearly absent in those who later have a poor language
outcome.

.........................

autism spectrum disorder
(ASD) can produce strikingly different clinical outcomes in young children,
with some having strong conversation abilities and others not talking at all. A
study published by Cell Press April 9th in Neuron reveals the reason: At the very first
signs of possible autism in infants and toddlers, neural activity in
language-sensitive brain regions is already similar to normal in those ASD
toddlers who eventually go on to develop good language ability but nearly
absent in those who later have a poor language outcome.

"Why some toddlers with ASD get better and develop good language and
others do not has been a mystery that is of the utmost importance to
solve," says senior author Eric Courchesne, co-director of the UC San
Diego Autism Center, where the study was designed and conducted.
"Discovering the early neural bases for these different developmental
trajectories now opens new avenues to finding causes and treatments specific to
these two very different subtypes of autism."

The researchers studied 60 ASD and 43 non-ASD infants and toddlers using
the natural sleep functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method developed
by the UCSD Autism Center investigators to record brain activity in the
participants as they listened to excerpts from children's stories. All toddlers
were clinically followed until early childhood to make a final determination of
which ones eventually had good versus poor language outcomes.

In ASD, good language outcomes by early childhood were preceded by normal
patterns of neural activity in language-sensitive brain regions, including
superior temporal cortex, during infant and toddler ages. By contrast, ASD
children with poor language outcomes showed very little activity in superior
temporal cortex when they were toddlers or infants.

"Our study is important because it's one of the first large-scale
studies to identify very early neural precursors that help to differentiate
later emerging and clinically relevant heterogeneity in early language
development in ASD toddlers," says first author Michael Lombardo of the
University of Cyprus.

The researchers also found that, when combined with behavioral tests, these
striking early neural differences may help predict later language outcome by
early childhood. The prognostic accuracy of the combined neural and behavioral
measures was 80%, compared with 68% for each measure alone. "One of the
first things parents of a toddler with ASD want to know is what lies ahead for
their child," says co-author Karen Pierce, also co-director of the UC San
Diego Autism Center. "These findings open insight into the first steps
that lead to different clinical and treatment outcomes, and in the future, one
can imagine clinical evaluation and treatment planning incorporating multiple
accurate behavioral and medical prognostic assessments. That would be a huge
practical benefit for families."

Moving forward, the researchers will further investigate the early neural
functional substrates that precede and underlie language and social
heterogeneity in ASD. They also plan to test the idea that activation, or its
absence, in language cortex predicts treatment responsiveness in toddlers with
ASD. Moreover, future research on the molecular underpinnings of variable
clinical outcomes in individuals with ASD could pave the way for the
development of novel pharmacological interventions. "Understanding that
there are discrete subgroups of early developing ASD that are distinguished by
developmental behavioral trajectories, neural underpinnings, and brain-behavioral
relationships, really lays the groundwork for a whole range of really fruitful
directions," Lombardo says.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Cell Press. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.




http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409133413.htm

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