deteksi
pertama metil alkohol dalam disc pembentuk planet
Date:
June 15, 2016
Source:
ESO
Summary:
Molekul organik metil alkohol (metanol) telah ditemukan di TW Hydrae cakram protoplanet. Ini adalah deteksi pertama seperti senyawa dalam disc pembentuk planet muda. deteksi membantu astronom memahami proses kimia yang terjadi selama pembentukan sistem planet dan yang pada akhirnya mengarah pada penciptaan bahan-bahan untuk hidup.
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Disk protoplanet di sekitar bintang muda TW Hydrae adalah contoh yang dikenal paling dekat dengan Bumi, pada jarak hanya sekitar 170 tahun cahaya. Karena itu merupakan target ideal bagi para astronom untuk mempelajari cakram. Sistem ini mirip apa yang astronom pikir Tata Surya tampak seperti selama pembentukannya lebih dari empat miliar tahun yang lalu.
The Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array adalah observatorium yang paling kuat yang ada untuk memetakan komposisi kimia dan distribusi gas dingin di cakram terdekat. Kemampuan unik kini telah dimanfaatkan oleh sekelompok astronom yang dipimpin oleh Catherine Walsh (Leiden Observatory, Belanda) untuk menyelidiki kimia dari TW Hydrae cakram protoplanet.
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First detection
of methyl alcohol in a planet-forming disc
Date:
June 15, 2016
Source:
ESO
Summary:
The organic molecule
methyl alcohol (methanol) has been found in the TW Hydrae protoplanetary disc.
This is the first such detection of the compound in a young planet-forming
disc. Its detection helps astronomers understand the chemical processes that
occur during the formation of planetary systems and that ultimately lead to the
creation of the ingredients for life.
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The protoplanetary disc around the
young star TW Hydrae is the closest known example to Earth, at a distance of
only about 170 light-years. As such it is an ideal target for astronomers to
study discs. This system closely resembles what astronomers think the Solar
System looked like during its formation more than four billion years ago.
The Atacama Large
Millimeter/Submillimeter Array is the most powerful observatory in existence
for mapping the chemical composition and the distribution of cold gas in nearby
discs. These unique capabilities have now been exploited by a group of
astronomers led by Catherine Walsh (Leiden Observatory, the Netherlands) to
investigate the chemistry of the TW Hydrae protoplanetary disc.
The ALMA observations have
revealed the fingerprint of gaseous methyl alcohol, or methanol (CH3OH),
in a protoplanetary disc for the first time. Methanol, a derivative of methane,
is one of the largest complex organic molecules detected in discs to date.
Identifying its presence in pre-planetary objects represents a milestone for
understanding how organic molecules are incorporated into nascent planets.
Furthermore, methanol is
itself a building block for more complex species of fundamental prebiotic
importance, like amino acid compounds. As a result, methanol plays a vital role
in the creation of the rich organic chemistry needed for life.
Catherine Walsh, lead
author of the study, explains: "Finding methanol in a protoplanetary disc
shows the unique capability of ALMA to probe the complex organic ice reservoir
in discs and so, for the first time, allows us to look back in time to the
origin of chemical complexity in a planet nursery around a young Sun-like
star."
Gaseous methanol in a
protoplanetary disc has a unique importance in astrochemistry. While other
species detected in space are formed by gas-phase chemistry alone, or by a
combination of both gas and solid-phase generation, methanol is a complex
organic compound which is formed solely in the ice phase via surface reactions
on dust grains.
The sharp vision of ALMA
has also allowed astronomers to map the gaseous methanol across the TW Hydrae
disc. They discovered a ring-like pattern in addition to significant emission
from close to the central star [1].
The observation of methanol
in the gas phase, combined with information about its distribution, implies
that methanol formed on the disc's icy grains, and was subsequently released in
gaseous form. This first observation helps to clarify the puzzle of the
methanol ice-gas transition [2], and more generally the chemical processes in
astrophysical environments [3].
Ryan A. Loomis, a co-author
of the study, adds: "Methanol in gaseous form in the disc is an
unambiguous indicator of rich organic chemical processes at an early stage of
star and planet formation. This result has an impact on our understanding of
how organic matter accumulates in very young planetary systems."
This successful first
detection of cold gas-phase methanol in a protoplanetary disc means that the
production of ice chemistry can now be explored in discs, paving the way to
future studies of complex organic chemistry in planetary birthplaces. In the
hunt for life-sustaining exoplanets, astronomers now have access to a powerful
new tool.
Notes
[1] A ring of methanol
between 30 and 100 astronomical units(au) reproduces the pattern of the
observed methanol data from ALMA. The identified structure supports the
hypothesis that the bulk of the disc ice reservoir is hosted primarily on the
larger (up to millimetre-sized) dust grains, residing in the inner 50 au, which
have become decoupled from the gas, and drifted radially inwards towards the
star.
[2] In this study, rather
than thermal desorption (with methanol released at temperatures higher than its
sublimation temperature), other mechanisms are supported and discussed by the
team, including photodesorption by ultraviolet photons and reactive desorption.
More detailed ALMA observations would help to definitely favour one scenario
among the others.
[3] Radial variation of
chemical species in the disc midplane composition, and specifically the
locations of snowlines , are crucial for understanding the chemistry of nascent
planets.The snowlines mark the boundary beyond which a particular volatile
chemical species is frozen out onto dust grains. The detection of methanol also
in the colder outer regions of the disc shows that it is able to escape off the
grains at temperatures much lower than its sublimation temperature, necessary
to trigger thermal desorption.
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted
from materials provided by ESO.Note: Materials may be edited for
content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Catherine Walsh,
Ryan A. Loomis, Karin I. Öberg, Mihkel Kama, Merel L. R. van ’t Hoff, Tom J.
Millar, Yuri Aikawa, Eric Herbst, Susanna L. Widicus Weaver, Hideko Nomura.FIRST DETECTION OF GAS-PHASE
METHANOL IN A PROTOPLANETARY DISK. The
Astrophysical Journal, 2016; 823 (1): L10 DOI: 10.3847/2041-8205/823/1/L10