partikel Microplastic mengancam larva ikan
Date:
June 2, 2016
Source:
Uppsala University
Summary:
Para peneliti telah menemukan bahwa ikan larva terkena partikel microplastic selama pengembangan menampilkan perilaku berubah dan pertumbuhan terhambat yang mengakibatkan sangat meningkat pada tingkat kematian. Para peneliti menemukan bahwa larva yang bertengger memiliki akses ke partikel microplastic hanya makan plastik dan mengabaikan sumber makanan alami mereka yaitu zooplankton yang berenang bebas.
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Dalam sebuah studi baru yang dipublikasikan di Science, peneliti dari Uppsala University menemukan bahwa ikan larva terkena partikel microplastic selama pengembangan menampilkan perilaku berubah dan pertumbuhan terhambat yang mengakibatkan sangat meningkat pada tingkat kematian. Para peneliti menemukan bahwa larva yang bertengger memiliki akses ke partikel microplastic hanya makan plastik dan mengabaikan sumber makanan alami mereka zooplankton yang berenang bebas.
partikel Microplastic (didefinisikan sebagai partikel plastik <5mm dalam ukurannya ) berasal dari produk sampah plastik besar yang fragmen menjadi potongan-potongan yang lebih kecil, atau dari plastik yang diproduksi dengan ukuran mikroskopis (misalnya, microbeads dalam produk perawatan pribadi). partikel limbah mikroskopis ini mencapai lautan melalui saluran air dan danau dan menumpuk dalam konsentrasi tinggi di daerah pantai yang dangkal.
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Microplastic
particles threaten fish larvae
Date:
June 2, 2016
Source:
Uppsala University
Summary:
Researchers have found
that larval fish exposed to microplastic particles during development displayed
changed behaviors and stunted growth which lead to greatly increased mortality
rates. The researchers discovered that larval perch that had access to
microplastic particles only ate plastic and ignored their natural food source
of free-swimming zooplankton.
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In a new study, published in Science, researchers from
Uppsala University found that larval fish exposed to microplastic particles
during development displayed changed behaviors and stunted growth which lead to
greatly increased mortality rates. The researchers discovered that larval perch
that had access to microplastic particles only ate plastic and ignored their
natural food source of free-swimming zooplankton.
Microplastic particles
(defined as plastic particles <5mm in size) originate from large plastic
waste products that fragment into smaller pieces, or from manufactured plastics
of microscopic size (e.g., microbeads in personal care products). These
microscopic waste particles reach oceans via waterways and lakes and accumulate
in high concentrations in shallow coastal areas.
Today there is
increasing concern that the accumulation of microplastic waste particles could
affect the functioning of marine ecosystems, but our knowledge of the impacts
of microplastic fragments on marine animals is limited. For the first time, scientists
have now been able to show that development of fish is threatened by
microplastic pollution.
'Fish reared in
different concentrations of microplastic particles have reduced hatching rates
and display abnormal behaviors. The microplastic particle levels tested in the
current study are similar to what is found in many coastal habitats in Sweden
and elsewhere in the world today' says marine biologist, Oona Lönnstedt, lead
author of the article.
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' Ikan dipelihara dalam konsentrasi yang berbeda dari partikel microplastic telah mengurangi tingkat penetasan dan menampilkan perilaku abnormal. Tingkat partikel microplastic diuji dalam penelitian ini mirip dengan apa yang ditemukan di banyak habitat pesisir di Swedia dan di tempat lain di dunia saat ini "kata ahli biologi kelautan , Oona Lönnstedt , penulis utama dari artikel.
Larval perch exposed
to environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic polystyrene
particles displayed stunted growth rates. The authors found that this was
related to larval feeding preferences as perch that had access to microplastic
particles only ate plastic and ignored their natural food source of
free-swimming zooplankton.
'This is the first
time an animal has been found to preferentially feed on plastic particles and
is cause for concern', says Professor Peter Eklöv, co-author of the study.
'Larvae exposed to
microplastic particles during development also displayed changed behaviors and
were much less active than fish that had been reared in water that contained no
microplastic particles. Furthermore, fish exposed to microplastic particles
ignored the smell of predators which usually evoke innate antipredator
behaviors in naïve fish', says Oona Lönnstedt.
The lack of an
antipredator response made larvae more vulnerable to predators. Indeed, when
perch were placed together with a natural predator (pike), fish that had been
exposed to microplastic particles were caught and eaten more than four times
quicker than control fish, with all fish exposed to microplastic particles dead
within 48 hours.
If this response in
fish larvae translates to higher mortality rates as a result of increased
predation risk in nature, there could be direct consequences for the
replenishment and the sustainability of fish populations.
'Increases in
microplastic pollution in the Baltic Sea and marked recruitment declines of the
coastal keystone species, like perch and pike, have recently been observed. Our
study suggests a potential driver for the observed decreased recruitment rate
and increased mortality', says Peter Eklöv.
'If early life-history
stages of other species are similarly affected by microplastics, and this
translates to increased mortality rates, the effects on aquatic ecosystems
could be profound', says Oona Lönnstedt.
The findings highlight
ecologically important and previously underappreciated effects of microplastic
particles that enter marine ecosystems, and emphasizes the need for new
management strategies or alternative biodegradable products that lowers the
release of microplastic waste products.
The study, published
in Friday's edition of the scientific journalScience, should be seen as
a pointer about what may be underway in many oceans around the world. However,
more comprehensive studies are required before any far-reaching conclusions can
be drawn.
Story Source:
The above post is
reprinted from materials provided byUppsala
University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
O. M. Lonnstedt, P. Eklov. Environmentally relevant concentrations
of microplastic particles influence larval fish ecology. Science,
2016; 352 (6290): 1213 DOI:10.1126/science.aad8828