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tentang chip,1 sen,laboratorium
Para ilmuwan mengembangkan 'laboratorium
chip' dengan biaya pembuatan 1 sen
Tanggal:
7 Februari 2017
Sumber:
Stanford University Medical Center
Ringkasan:
Mikrofluida, elektronik dan teknologi inkjet
mendasari pengembangan baru all-in-one
biochip yang dapat menganalisis sel untuk penelitian dan aplikasi klinis.
............................
Para peneliti di Stanford University
School of Medicine telah mengembangkan cara untuk menghasilkan "laboratorium
chip" diagnostik murah dan dapat
digunakan kembali dengan bantuan sebuah printer inkjet biasa.
Dengan biaya produksi sesedikitnya 1
sen per chip, teknologi baru bisa mengantarkan revolusi diagnosa medis seperti
jenis yang dibawa oleh murah nya sekuensing genom, kata Ron Davis, PhD,
profesor biokimia dan genetika dan direktur Stanford Genome Technology Center.
Sebuah studi yang menjelaskan teknologi ini akan dipublikasikan secara
online 6 Februari di Prosiding National Academy of Sciences. Davis adalah
seorang penulis senior. Penulis utama
adalah Rahim Esfandyarpour, PhD, associate penelitian rekayasa di pusat genom.
label
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Scientists develop 'lab on a chip' that costs 1 cent
to make
Date:
February 7, 2017
Source:
Stanford University Medical Center
Summary:
Microfluidics, electronics and inkjet
technology underlie a newly developed all-in-one biochip that can analyze cells
for research and clinical applications.
............................
Researchers at the Stanford University
School of Medicine have developed a way to produce a cheap and reusable
diagnostic "lab on a chip" with the help of an ordinary inkjet
printer.
At
a production cost of as little as 1 cent per chip, the new technology could
usher in a medical diagnostics revolution like the kind brought on by low-cost
genome sequencing, said Ron Davis, PhD, professor of biochemistry and of
genetics and director of the Stanford Genome Technology Center.
A
study describing the technology will be published online Feb. 6 in the Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences. Davis is the senior author.
The lead author is Rahim Esfandyarpour, PhD, an engineering research associate
at the genome center.
The
inexpensive lab-on-a-chip technology has the potential to enhance diagnostic
capabilities around the world, especially in developing countries. Due to
inferior access to early diagnostics, the survival rate of breast cancer
patients is only 40 percent in low-income nations -- half the rate of such
patients in developed nations. Other lethal diseases, such as malaria,
tuberculosis and HIV, also have high incidence and bad patient outcomes in
developing countries. Better access to cheap diagnostics could help turn this
around, especially as most such equipment costs thousands of dollars.
"Enabling
early detection of diseases is one of the greatest opportunities we have for
developing effective treatments," Esfandyarpour said. "Maybe $1 in
the U.S. doesn't count that much, but somewhere in the developing world, it's a
lot of money."
A
two-part system
A
combination of microfluidics, electronics and inkjet printing technology, the
lab on a chip is a two-part system. The first is a clear silicone microfluidic
chamber for housing cells and a reusable electronic strip. The second part is a
regular inkjet printer that can be used to print the electronic strip onto a
flexible sheet of polyester using commercially available conductive
nanoparticle ink.
"We
designed it to eliminate the need for clean-room facilities and trained
personnel to fabricate such a device," said Esfandyarpour, an electrical
engineer by training. One chip can be produced in about 20 minutes, he said.
Designed
as a multifunctional platform, one of its applications is that it allows users
to analyze different cell types without using fluorescent or magnetic labels
that are typically required to track cells. Instead, the chip separates cells
based on their intrinsic electrical properties: When an electric potential is
applied across the inkjet-printed strip, cells loaded into the microfluidic
chamber get pulled in different directions depending on their
"polarizability" in a process called dielectrophoresis. This
label-free method to analyze cells greatly improves precision and cuts lengthy
labeling processes.
The
tool is designed to handle small-volume samples for a variety of assays. The
researchers showed the device can help capture single cells from a mix, isolate
rare cells and count cells based on cell types. The cost of these
multifunctional biochips is orders of magnitude lower than that of the
individual technologies that perform each of those functions. A standalone flow
cytometer machine, for example, which is used to sort and count cells, costs
$100,000, without taking any operational costs into account.
Potential
to democratize diagnostics
"The
motivation was really how to export technology and how to decrease the cost of
things," Davis said.
The
low cost of the chips could democratize diagnostics similar to how low-cost
sequencing created a revolution in health care and personalized medicine, Davis
said. Inexpensive sequencing technology allows clinicians to sequence tumor DNA
to identify specific mutations and recommend personalized treatment plans. In
the same way, the lab on a chip has the potential to diagnose cancer early by
detecting tumor cells that circulate in the bloodstream. "The genome
project has changed the way an awful lot of medicine is done, and we want to
continue that with all sorts of other technology that are just really
inexpensive and accessible," Davis said.
The
technology has the potential to not only advance health care, but also to
accelerate basic and applied research. It would allow scientists and clinicians
to potentially analyze more cells in shorter time periods, manipulate stem
cells to achieve efficient gene transfer and develop cost-effective ways to
diagnose diseases, Esfandyarpour said. The team hopes the chip will create a
transformation in how people use instruments in the lab. "I'm pretty sure
it will open a window for researchers because it makes life much easier for
them -- just print it and use it," he said.
The
work is an example of Stanford Medicine's focus on precision health, the goal
of which is to anticipate and prevent disease in the healthy and precisely
diagnose and treat disease in the ill.
Story
Source:
Materials provided
by Stanford University
Medical Center. Original written by Devika G. Bansal. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal
Reference:
1.
Rahim Esfandyarpour, Matthew J. DiDonato, Yuxin Yang, Naside
Gozde Durmus, James S. Harris, Ronald W. Davis.Multifunctional,
inexpensive, and reusable nanoparticle-printed biochip for cell manipulation
and diagnosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
2017; 201621318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621318114
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