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Bagaimana Ular Bertahan  dari Kelaparan

Kelaparan  pada ular menggunakan strategi bertahan hidup yang tidak terlihat sebelumnya pada vertebrata , menurut sebuah penelitian baru . Temuan ini dapat digunakan dalam strategi konservasi untuk menentukan kesehatan populasi ular . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ular dapat menurunkan tingkat metabolisme standar mereka , beberapa bahkan  hingga 72 persen . Anehnya ular terus tumbuh meskipun kekurangan makanan ....read more

How Snakes Survive Starvation

Date:

August 27, 2007

Source:

University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

Summary:

Starving snakes employ novel survival strategies not seen before in
vertebrates, according to new research. These findings could be used in conservation
strategies to determine the health of snake populations. The results showed
that the snakes could lower their standard metabolic rates, some by up to 72
percent. Surprisingly snakes continued to grow despite the lack of food.

..............................

Starving snakes employ novel survival strategies not seen before in
vertebrates, according to research conducted by a University of Arkansas
biologist. These findings could be used in conservation strategies to determine
the health of snake populations.

“These animals take energy reduction to a whole new level,” said Marshall
McCue, a graduate student in biological sciences in the J. William Fulbright
College of Arts and Sciences. He reported his findings in the journal Zoology.

While scientists knew that some snake species could survive for up to two
years without a meal, no studies have examined the physiological changes that
take place when a snake goes for prolonged periods without food. McCue examined
three snake species – the ball python, the ratsnake and the western diamondback
rattlesnake – to study their responses to prolonged periods without food.

The 62 snakes studied went about six months without eating – a time period
that could well be duplicated in the wild, where food supplies can be scarce.
McCue then looked at physiological, compositional and morphological changes in
the snakes.

The results showed that the snakes could lower their standard metabolic
rates, some by up to 72 percent.

“Snakes already had low energy demands. We didn’t know they could go
lower,” McCue said.

Another surprising finding: The snakes continued to grow despite the lack
of food – a counterintuitive finding, but a measurement that again does not
appear in the research literature.

“To me, this suggests that there must be a strong selective advantage to
growing longer,” McCue said. It also means the snakes have become extremely
efficient in their ability to use available resources.

To illustrate the strategies employed by snakes to combat starvation, McCue
uses an economic analogy of supply and demand.

“When you’re cut off from resources, you are an organism that still needs
to expend energy,” he said. The “demand” end is met by decreasing their
metabolic rate. The “supply” end must be met by frugal use of resources they
have at hand for energy, which comes from within.

The body composition of snakes includes water, ash, protein, fats and
carbohydrates. McCue found that the snakes used up selected fat stores first
during starvation, but he also found crucial differences between the snake
species. The ratsnakes, which typically have a more abundant rodent supply in
their natural environment, began to break down proteins faster than the pythons
or rattlesnakes.

“The protein use was higher in the snakes less well adapted to starvation,”
McCue said.

Snakes are relatively new on the world scene, having been around for about
100 million years. Yet they currently comprise about half of all reptile
species.

“Snakes are very evolutionarily successful,” McCue said. Understanding the
physiology that allows them to succeed in low-energy environments will help
scientists further their understanding of the snakes’ evolution and their
adaptation to their current ecosystems.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070824173005.htm

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