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Ditemukan ritual Tertua di Dunia - Worshipped The Python 70.000 Tahun Lalu

baru ditemukan  arkeologi di Botswana oleh seorang arkeolog dari Universitas dari Oslo menunjukkan bahwa nenek moyang kita di Afrika terlibat dalam praktek ritual 70.000 tahun yang lalu - 30.000 tahun lebih awal dari penemuan tertua di Eropa . Penemuan sensasional ini memperkuat posisi Afrika sebagai tempat lahir manusia modern ....read more 

World's Oldest Ritual Discovered --
Worshipped The Python 70,000 Years Ago

Date:

November 30, 2006

Source:

The Research Council of Norway

Summary:

A new archaeological find in Botswana by an archaeologist from the
University from Oslo shows that our ancestors in Africa engaged in ritual
practice 70,000 years ago -- 30,000 years earlier than the oldest finds in
Europe. This sensational discovery strengthens Africa's position as the cradle
of modern man.

......................

A startling archaeological discovery this summer changes our understanding
of human history. While, up until now, scholars have largely held that man's
first rituals were carried out over 40, 000 years ago in Europe, it now appears
that they were wrong about both the time and place.

Associate Professor Sheila Coulson, from the University of Oslo, can now
show that modern humans, Homo sapiens, have performed advanced rituals in
Africa for 70,000 years. She has, in other words, discovered mankind's oldest
known ritual.

The archaeologist made the surprising discovery while she was studying the
origin of the Sanpeople. A group of the San live in the sparsely inhabited area
of north-western Botswana known as Ngamiland.

Coulson made the discovery while searching for artifacts from the Middle
Stone Age in the only hills present for hundreds of kilometers in any
direction. This group of small peaks within the Kalahari Desert is known as the
Tsodilo Hills and is famous for having the largest concentration of rock
paintings in the world.

The Tsodilo Hills are still a sacred place for the San, who call them the
"Mountains of the Gods" and the "Rock that Whispers".

The python is one of the San's most important animals. According to their
creation myth, mankind descended from the python and the ancient, arid
streambeds around the hills are said to have been created by the python as it
circled the hills in its ceaseless search for water.

Sheila Coulson's find shows that people from the area had a specific ritual
location associated with the python. The ritual was held in a little cave on
the northern side of the Tsodilo Hills. The cave itself is so secluded and
access to it is so difficult that it was not even discovered by archaeologists
until the 1990s.

When Coulson entered the cave this summer with her three master's students,
it struck them that the mysterious rock resembled the head of a huge python. On
the six meter long by two meter tall rock, they found three-to-four hundred
indentations that could only have been man-made.

"You could see the mouth and eyes of the snake. It looked like a real
python. The play of sunlight over the indentations gave them the appearance of
snake skin. At night, the firelight gave one the feeling that the snake was
actually moving".

They found no evidence that work had recently been done on the rock. In
fact, much of the rock's surface was extensively eroded.

When they saw the many indentations in the rock, the archaeologists
wondered about more than when the work had been done. They also began thinking
about what the cave had been used for and how long people had been going there.
With these questions in mind, they decided to dig a test pit directly in front
of the python stone.

At the bottom of the pit, they found many stones that had been used to make
the indentations. Together with these tools, some of which were more than
70,000 years old, they found a piece of the wall that had fallen off during the
work.

In the course of their excavation, they found more than 13,000 artifacts.
All of the objects were spearheads and articles that could be connected with
ritual use, as well as tools used in carving the stone. They found nothing
else.

As if that were not enough, the stones that the spearheads were made from
are not from the Tsodilo region but must have been brought from hundreds of
kilometers away.

The spearheads are better crafted and more colourful than other spearheads
from the same time and area. Surprisingly enough, it was only the red
spearheads that had been burned.

"Stone age people took these colourful spearheads, brought them to the
cave, and finished carving them there. Only the red spearheads were burned. It
was a ritual destruction of artifacts. There was no sign of normal habitation.
No ordinary tools were found at the site. Our find means that humans were more
organised and had the capacity for abstract thinking at a much earlier point in
history than we have previously assumed. All of the indications suggest that
Tsodilo has been known to mankind for almost 100,000 years as a very special place
in the pre-historic landscape." says Sheila Coulson.

Sheila Coulson also noticed a secret chamber behind the python stone. Some
areas of the entrance to this small chamber were worn smooth, indicating that
many people had passed through it over the years.

"The shaman, who is still a very important person in San culture,
could have kept himself hidden in that secret chamber. He would have had a good
view of the inside of the cave while remaining hidden himself. When he spoke
from his hiding place, it could have seemed as if the voice came from the snake
itself. The shaman would have been able to control everything. It was
perfect." The shaman could also have "disappeared" from the
chamber by crawling out onto the hillside through a small shaft.

While large cave and wall paintings are numerous throughout the Tsodilo
Hills, there are only two small paintings in this cave: an elephant and a
giraffe. These images were rendered, surprisingly, exactly where water runs
down the wall.

Sheila Coulson thinks that an explanation for this might come from San
mythology.

In one San story, the python falls into a body of water and cannot get out
by itself. The python is pulled from the water by a giraffe. The elephant, with
its long trunk, is often used as a metaphor for the python.

"In the cave, we find only the San people's three most important
animals: the python, the elephant, and the giraffe. That is unusual. This would
appear to be a very special place. They did not burn the spearheads by chance.
They brought them from hundreds of kilometers away and intentionally burned
them. So many pieces of the puzzle fit together here. It has to represent a
ritual." concludes Sheila Coulson.

It was a major archaeological find five years ago that made it possible for
Sheila Coulson to date the finds in this little cave in Botswana. Up until the
turn of the century, archaeologists believed that human civilisation developed
in Europe after our ancestors migrated from Africa. This theory was crushed by
Archaeologist Christopher Henshilwood when he published his find of traces from
a Middle Stone Age dwelling in the Blombos Cave in Southern Cape, South Africa.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by The Research Council of Norway. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
sumber

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061130081347.htm

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