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Vaksin yang dikembangkan untuk H5N1 , H7N9 strain flu burung

Date:

May 22, 2015

Source:

Kansas State University

Summary:

Para peneliti telah mengembangkan vaksin untuk H5N1 dan H7N9 , dua strain baru flu burung yang dapat ditularkan dari unggas ke manusia . Strain telah menyebabkan pemusnahan jutaan ayam komersial dan kalkun serta kematian ratusan orang ....read more

Vaccines developed for H5N1, H7N9 avian
influenza strains

Date:

May 22, 2015

Source:

Kansas State University

Summary:

Researchers have developed vaccines for H5N1 and H7N9, two new strains of
avian influenza that can be transmitted from poultry to humans. The strains
have led to the culling of millions of commercial chickens and turkeys as well
as the death of hundreds of people.

..........................

A recent study with Kansas State University researchers details vaccine
development for two new strains of avian influenza that can be transmitted from
poultry to humans. The strains have led to the culling of millions of
commercial chickens and turkeys as well as the death of hundreds of people.

The new vaccine development method is expected to help researchers make
vaccines for emerging strains of avian influenza more quickly. This could
reduce the number and intensity of large-scale outbreaks at poultry farms as
well as curb human transmission.

It also may lead to new influenza vaccines for pigs, and novel vaccines for
sheep and other livestock, said Jürgen Richt, Regents distinguished professor
of veterinary medicine and director of the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security's Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases.

Richt and his colleagues focused on the avian influenza virus subtype H5N1,
a new strain most active in Indonesia, Egypt and other Southeast Asian and
North African countries. H5N1 also has been documented in wild birds in the
U.S., though in fewer numbers.

"H5N1 is a zoonotic pathogen, which means that it is transmitted from
chickens to humans," Richt said. "So far it has infected more than
700 people worldwide and has killed about 60 percent of them. Unfortunately, it
has a pretty high mortality rate."

Researchers developed a vaccine for H5N1 by combining two viruses. A
vaccine strain of the Newcastle disease virus, a virus that naturally affects
poultry, was cloned and a small section of the H5N1 virus was transplanted into
the Newcastle disease virus vaccine, creating a recombinant virus.

Tests showed that the new recombinant virus vaccinated chickens against
both Newcastle disease virus and H5N1.

Researchers also looked at the avian flu subtype H7N9, an emerging zoonotic
strain that has been circulating in China since 2013. China has reported about
650 cases in humans and Canada has reported two cases in people returning from
China. About 230 people have died from H7N9.

"In Southeast Asia there are a lot of markets that sell live birds
that people can buy and prepare at home," Richt said. "In contrast to
the H5N1 virus that kills the majority of chickens in three to five days,
chickens infected with the H7N9 virus do not show clinical signs of sickness.
That means you could buy a bird that looks perfectly healthy but could be
infected. If an infected bird is prepared for consumption, there is a high
chance you could get sick, and about 1 in 3 infected people die."

Using the same method for developing the H5N1 vaccine, researchers inserted
a small section of the H7N9 virus into the Newcastle disease virus vaccine.
Chickens given this recombinant vaccine were protected against the Newcastle
disease virus and H7N9.

"We believe this Newcastle disease virus concept works very well for
poultry because you kill two birds with one stone, metaphorically
speaking," Richt said. "You use only one vector to vaccinate and
protect against a selected virus strain of avian influenza."

Using the Newcastle disease virus for vaccine development may extend beyond
poultry to pigs, cattle and sheep, Richt said.

Researchers found they were able to protect pigs against an H3 influenza
strain by using the Newcastle disease virus to develop a recombinant virus
vaccine. Wenjun Ma, Kansas State University assistant professor of diagnostic
medicine and pathobiology, is building on this finding and using the Newcastle
disease virus to make a vaccine for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, a disease
that has killed an estimated 6 million pigs.

Richt conducted the avian influenza study with Ma, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre at
the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, and several other
colleagues. They published their findings in the Journal of Virology study,
"Newcastle disease virus-vectored H7 and H5 live vaccines protect chickens
from challenge with H7N9 or H5N1 avian influenza viruses." It is the first
study to look at an H7N9 vaccine in chickens, the animals the disease
originates in.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by Kansas State University. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Qinfang Liu, Ignacio Mena, Jingjiao Ma, Bhupinder Bawa, Florian Krammer,
Young S Lyoo, Yuekun Lang, Igor Morozov, Gusti Ngurah Mahardika, Wenjun Ma,
Adolfo García-Sastre, Juergen A. Richt. Newcastle disease
virus-vectored H7 and H5 live vaccines protect chickens from challenge with
H7N9 or H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Journal of Virology,
2015; JVI.00031-15 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00031-15

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150522152354.htm

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