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Kanibalisme antara ular derik Membantu betina Untuk Recover Setelah melahirkan

Date:

February 22, 2009

Source:

Plataforma SINC

Summary:

Para peneliti telah menghasilkan deskripsi kuantitatif  kanibalisme pertama  di antara ular derik betina ( Crotalus polystictus ) setelah memantau 190 reptil . Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa hewan-hewan ini menelan rata-rata 11 % dari massa postpartum mereka ( dalam telur tertentu dan keturunan yang mati ) untuk memulihkan energi untuk reproduksi selanjutnya .....read more

Cannibalism Among Rattlesnakes Helps
Females To Recover After Birth

Date:

February 22, 2009

Source:

Plataforma SINC

Summary:

Researchers have produced the first quantitative description of cannibalism
among female rattlesnakes (Crotalus polystictus) after monitoring 190 reptiles.
The study has shown that these animals ingest on average 11% of their
postpartum mass (in particular eggs and dead offspring) in order to recover
energy for subsequent reproduction.

............................

Spanish, American and Mexican researchers have produced the first
quantitative description of cannibalism among female rattlesnakes (Crotalus polystictus) after monitoring 190 reptiles. The study
has shown that these animals ingest on average 11% of their postpartum mass (in
particular eggs and dead offspring) in order to recover energy for subsequent
reproduction.

The lack of information about cannibalism in rattlesnakes (Crotalus
polystictus) led researchers to start a study in 2004, which they continued
for three years in central Mexico, where this species is endemic. They measured
"cannibalistic behaviour" among 190 females, which had 239 clutches
of eggs, and determined that this phenomenon is justified by "enabling the
mother to recover and regain strength".

"A cannibal rattlesnake female can recover lost energy for
reproduction without having to hunt for food, a dangerous activity that
requires time and expends a great deal of energy," Estrella Mociño and
Kirk Setser, lead authors of the study and researchers at the University of
Granada, along with Juan Manuel Pleguezuelos, tell SINC.

The study, published in the latest issue of the journal Animal Behaviour,
shows that cannibalism in this species is an evolutionary result of its feeding
behaviour, since its prey is dead for some time before being eaten by the
snake. "Viperids in general are prepared to eat carrion, and for this
reason it is not so strange that they consume the non-viable sections of their
clutches after going through the great energy expenditure caused by reproduction,"
says Mociño.

The research team say this behaviour can be explained by four biological
factors - the day of the birth (females that give birth at the end of July are
more likely to be cannibals, since they have less time to feed and prepare themselves
to reproduce again), the proportion of dead babies per clutch, the level of
maternal investment (the larger the brood, the greater the chance that it will
contain non-viable elements, which she will eat), and stress caused by being in
captivity (the researchers maintained the females in captivity for an average
of 21 days).

Of all the females, 68% consumed part or all of their dead offspring, and
83% of these ate them all, and waited little time to do so (around 16 hours),
although some ate them "immediately after giving birth", adds Mociño.
The rest (40%) of the females "did not display cannibalistic
behaviour".

According to the scientists, cannibalism is "not an aberrant
behaviour, and is not an attack on the progeny", since it is not the same
as parricide or infanticide as it does not involve live elements. It simply
recovers some of what the snake invested in the reproduction process, and
prepares it to reproduce once again.

Snakes can distinguish between dead and live offspring

The scientists showed there was a low risk of the snakes eating healthy
offspring, which look very similar to dead ones for the first two hours after
emerging from their membranes. During the study, only one female ate live
babies.

"In comparison with mammals or birds, snakes are not as maternal, but
the study shows that they also display behaviour that has evolved, and that
helps the female and her offspring to reproduce and grow successfully,"
say Mociño and Setser.

Crotalus polystictus is categorised as a "threatened species"
according to the Official Mexican Regulations on protection of native species
of wild flora and fauna in Mexico. Limited habitat, urban expansion and the
growth of agriculture are the main threats to the snake.

To date, the scientists have marked more than 2,000 individuals of this
species, which range in length on average from 50cm to 90 cm, and which display
different survival strategies from many other rattlesnakes in the north of
Mexico and the United States.

This reptile has a very rapid reproduction rate, suggesting that it is
experiencing a high death rate caused by external factors. As well as
contributing to scientific knowledge about animal cannibalism from an
evolutionary perspective, the scientists hope that publicising these results
will "lead to human beings being less aggressive towards these
snakes".














Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by Plataforma SINC. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.










Journal Reference:

1.   
Mocinodeloya et al. Cannibalism of nonviable offspring by
postparturient Mexican lance-headed rattlesnakes, Crotalus polystictus. Animal
Behaviour, 2009; 77 (1): 145 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.09.020

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090219095533.htm

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