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Penangkal racun Berbasis opossum  dari gigitan ular bisa menyelamatkan ribuan nyawa

Para ilmuwan telah berpaling ke opossum untuk mengembangkan obat penawar baru dan murah yang menjanjikan untuk gigitan ular berbisa . Mereka memprediksi bisa menyelamatkan ribuan nyawa di seluruh dunia tanpa efek samping dari pengobatan saat ini...read more 

Opossum-based antidote to venom from
snake bites could save thousands of lives

Date:

March 22, 2015

Source:

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Summary:

Scientists have turned to the opossum to develop a promising new and
inexpensive antidote for venomous snake bites. They predict it could save
thousands of lives worldwide without the side effects of current treatments.

.............................

Scientists will report in a presentation today that they have turned to the
opossum to develop a promising new and inexpensive antidote for venomous snake
bites. They predict it could save thousands of lives worldwide without the side
effects of current treatments.

The presentation will take place here at the 249th National Meeting
& Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS).

Worldwide, an estimated 421,000 cases of venomous snake bites and 20,000
deaths from these bites occur yearly, according to the International Society on
Toxicology.

Intriguingly, opossums shrug off snake bite venom with no ill effects.
Claire F. Komives, Ph.D., who is at San Jose State University, explains that
initial studies showing the opossum's immunity to snake venom were done in the
1940s. In the early 1990s, a group of researchers identified a serum protein
from the opossum that was able to neutralize snake venoms. One researcher, B.
V. Lipps, Ph.D., found that a smaller chain of amino acids from the opossum
protein, called a peptide, was also able to neutralize the venom.

But Komives says it appears that no one has followed up on those studies to
develop an antivenom therapy -- at least not until she and her team came along.
Armed with this information, they had the peptide chemically synthesized. When
they tested it in venom-exposed mice, they found that it protected them from
the life threatening effects of bites from U.S. Western Diamondback
rattlesnakes and Russell's Viper venom from Pakistan.

The exact mechanism is not known, but recently published computer models
have shown that the peptide interacts with proteins in the snake venom that are
toxic to humans, she says. "It appears that the venom protein may bind to
the peptide, rendering it no longer toxic."

Komives' team showed that they could program the bacteria E.
coli to make the peptide. Producing the peptide in bacteria should
enable the group to inexpensively make large quantities of it. The peptide
should also be easy to purify from E. coli.

"Our approach is different because most antivenoms are made by
injecting the venom into a horse and then processing the serum," says
Komives. "The serum has additional components, however, so the patient
often has some kind of adverse reaction, such as a rash, itching, wheezing,
rapid heart rate, fever or body aches. The peptide we are using does not have
those negative effects on mice."

Because the process is inexpensive, the antivenom has a good chance of
being distributed to underserved areas across the globe, according to Komives.
That includes India, Southeast Asia, Africa and South America, where venomous
snakes bite thousands of people every year.

Komives says that based on the original publications, the antivenom would
probably work against venoms from other venomous snakes, as well as against
scorpion, plant and bacterial toxins.

The new antivenom has another potential advantage: It likely could be
delivered in just one injectable dose. "Since when a snake bites, it
injects venom into the victim in different ways, depending on which part of the
body is bitten and the angle of the bite, it is likely that each snake bite would
need to be treated differently," says Komives. "It is common that
additional antivenom needs to be injected if the patient continues to show the
effects of the venom." But because the new antidote appears to have no
side effects, at least in mice, it probably could be given in one large dose to
attack all of the venom, making additional injections unnecessary, she
explains. The team plans to test this theory soon. They also will make large
quantities of the antivenom and test it on mice, using a wide variety of venoms
and toxins.

Komives acknowledges funding from a Fulbright-Nehru fellowship and private
sources.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by American Chemical Society (ACS). Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150322080201.htm

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