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Bagaimana kelelawar benar-benar terbang untuk menemukan mangsanya

Date:

June 19, 2015

Source:

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

Summary:

Penelitian baru ini membantu menjelaskan bagaimana kelelawar benar-benar terbang untuk menemukan mangsanya . Setiap malam kelelawar mengarungi  600-700 kilometer airtime nya  . Terbang rendah , mereka  menangkap serangga dengan kecepatan sekitar 40 meter per detik . Pada malam hari  kelelawar menggunakan pendengaran untuk menavigasi jalan ke mangsanya . Kelelawar menangkap serangga terus menerus menggunakan echolocation , sistem navigasi canggih .....more

How bats
actually fly to find their prey

Date:

June 19, 2015

Source:

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

Summary:

New research helps elucidate how bats actually fly to find their prey.
Every night a bat puts in 600-700 kilometres of airtime. Flying low, the
animals catch insects at speeds of around 40 metres per second. At night the
bat uses its hearing to navigate its way to prey. Bats catch insects
continuously using echolocation, an advanced navigation system.

..........................

New research, complete with night-vision video recordings, helps elucidate
how bats actually fly to find their prey.

Every night a bat puts in 600-700 kilometres of airtime. Flying low, the
animals catch insects at speeds of around 40 metres per second. At night the
bat uses its hearing to navigate its way to prey. Bats catch insects
continuously using echolocation, an advanced navigation system.

The bat emits ultrasonic waves with very high frequencies. Its calls are
pitched at 20-100 kilohertz, a frequency that is too high-pitched for humans to
hear naturally. Their sounds are reflected in the environment, hitting various
objects and returning to the bat as echoes. The echo signals enable the bat to
form a mental map of its surroundings.

Like using a flash

According to Nadav Bar, an associate professor at the Norwegian University
of Science and Technology's Department of Chemical Engineering who has recently
researched bats, "You can compare echolocation to using a flash in a dark
room. The flash hits various objects in the room that light up and are
reflected back to the eye of the observer. The bat uses sound in the same way
to get an overview of the environment, but the potential sources of error are
far greater when using sound."

Different daytime flying pattern When bats on rare occasions fly during the
day, they use their vision to navigate and fly in a straight line to their
destination.

Night-time flights are more elaborate than daytime ones. Bats continuously
rise and dip in curved flight trajectories, using large movements to propel
themselves.

Filtering out noise

Noise from rain, wind and snow disrupts echo signals, making it harder for
the bat to form a picture of its surroundings. The bat's big night-time
movements also generate sound that disturbs the echo signals.

But bats manage to catch their targeted prey despite poor weather
conditions. Bar has recently researched how this is possible.

"Bats are able to filter out the ambient noise around them using
low-pass filtering. Useless sounds are cleared out, which makes conditions more
transparent. The bat also has a highly developed sensorimotor system, which
controls the mammal's movements. These characteristics enable the bat to move
quickly and with incredible precision," says Bar.

Measure the angle en route

Bats are more careful in their movements at night than during the day, and
they are always at the ready to change direction quickly to avoid impending
danger. Bats also have the very useful navigational ability to measure how fast
the flight angle is changing as they approach their targeted prey.

Bar performs all his bat research abroad. He has been in Israel, the USA,
Germany and Poland. Bats are nocturnal and often inhabit caves or unoccupied
buildings, making them difficult-to-access research subjects. Research
laboratories also need to be large enough for bats to fly around.

Bar is responsible for education in the new master's programme in Systems
Biology in NTNU's Department of Chemical Engineering. Students in this program
learn to model, create simulations and study the animal world, bacteria and
genetics. Bar was lead author of an article about how bats fly published inPLoS
Biology.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztofILRVJy8







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by The
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The original item
was written by Synne Merete Mæle. Note: Materials may be edited for
content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Nadav S. Bar, Sigurd Skogestad, Jose M. Marçal, Nachum Ulanovsky, Yossi Yovel. A
Sensory-Motor Control Model of Animal Flight Explains Why Bats Fly Differently
in Light Versus Dark. PLOS Biology, 2015; 13 (1): e1002046
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002046

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150619084612.htm

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