Fosil kelelawar besar ' berjalan ' ditemukan di Selandia Baru--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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Fosil kelelawar besar ' berjalan '  ditemukan di Selandia Baru

16 juta tahun yang lalu, kelelawar besar berjalan dengan empat kaki

Date:

June 17, 2015

Source:

University of New South Wales

Summary:

Fosil dari spesies kelelawar baru , yang hidup 16 juta tahun yang lalu , berjalan dengan empat kaki dan tiga kali lebih besar dari rata-rata kelelawar sekarang  , telah ditemukan di Selandia Baru .....more

Fossil of huge
'walking' bat discovered in New Zealand

16 million years ago, giant bats walked on four limbs

Date:

June 17, 2015

Source:

University of New South Wales

Summary:

Fossilized remains of a new bat species, which lived 16 million years ago, walked
on four limbs and was three times larger than today's average bat, have been
discovered in New Zealand.

.............................

Fossilised remains of a new bat species, which lived 16 million years ago,
walked on four limbs and was three times larger than today's average bat, have
been discovered in New Zealand.

The fossils were found near Central Otago on South Island, in sediment left
over from a vast prehistoric body of water known as Lake Manuherikia, which was
part of warmer subtropical rainforest during the early Miocene era, between 16
and 19-million-years-ago.

The new species, Mystacina miocenalis, was described today in
the journal PLOS ONE, and is related to another bat, Mystacina
tuberculata, which still lives in New Zealand's old growth forests.

"Our discovery shows for the first time that Mystacina bats
have been present in New Zealand for upwards of 16 million years, residing in
habitats with very similar plant life and food sources," says lead author
and vertebrate palaeontologist, Associate Professor Suzanne Hand from the
University of New South Wales (UNSW) in Australia.

New Zealand's only native terrestrial mammals are three species of bat,
including two belonging to the Mystacina genus -- one of which
was last sighted in the 1960s. They are known as burrowing bats because they
forage on the ground under leaf-litter and snow, as well as in the air,
scuttling on their wrists and backward-facing feet, while keeping their wings
tightly furled.

These bats were believed to have an ancient history in New Zealand, but
until now, the oldest fossil of a Mystacina bat in New Zealand
was from a cave in South Island, dating to 17,500 years ago. This latest
discovery forces a rethink of when these peculiar, walking bats first crossed
the ditch, arriving from what is present-day Australia.

"This helps us understand the capacity of bats to establish
populations on islands and the climatic conditions required for this to
happen," says Associate Professor Hand.

"Bats are important pollinators and seed dispersers that keep forests
healthy. Understanding the connectivity between the bat faunas of different
landmasses is important for evaluating biosecurity threats and conservation
priorities for fragile island ecosystems."

The new species has similar teeth to its contemporary relative, suggesting
a broad diet that included nectar, pollen and fruit, as well as insects and
spiders. Limb bones found in the deposit also showed similar structures
specialised for walking.

Where they differ is body size: at an estimated 40 grams, the fossil bat is
roughly three times heavier than its living cousin, and the average weight of
more than 900 living bat species.

"The size of bats is physically constrained by the demands of flight
and echolocation, as you need to be small, quick and accurate to chase insects
in the dark," explains Associate Professor Hand. "The unusually large
size of this bat suggests it was doing less in-flight hunting and was taking
heavier prey from the ground, and larger fruit than even its living
cousin."

The team also found a diverse array of plant, animal and insect fossils at
the site, which shows that the 16-million-year-old subtropical ecosystem bore
resemblance to the more temperate one that exists today.

"Remarkably, the Miocene ecosystems associated with the fossil bat
contain the kinds of trees used today by Mystacina for its
colonial roosts," says Associate Professor Hand. "Most of its food
plants are also represented, as are terrestrial arthropods including a variety
of beetles, ants and spiders, which these bats continue to hunt on the
ground."

The Lake Manuherikia site has been a treasure trove for palaeontologists
over the years, producing New Zealand's oldest frogs, lizards and land birds,
as well as its only crocodiles and terrestrial turtles.

Associate Professor Hand led the research along with Associate Professor
Daphne Lee from the University of Otago, and Dr Trevor Worthy from Flinders
University in South Australia.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity
of New South Wales. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Suzanne J. Hand, Daphne E. Lee, Trevor H. Worthy, Michael Archer, Jennifer
P. Worthy, Alan J. D. Tennyson, Steven W. Salisbury, R. Paul Scofield, Dallas
C. Mildenhall, Elizabeth M. Kennedy, Jon K. Lindqvist. Miocene Fossils
Reveal Ancient Roots for New Zealand’s Endemic Mystacina (Chiroptera) and Its
Rainforest Habitat.PLOS ONE, 17 Jun 2015 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0128871

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150617144437.htm

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