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Mengamati dinamika jaringan otak untuk mendiagnosa penyakit Alzheimer

Date:

July 16, 2015

Source:

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Summary:

Dengan menganalisis aliran darah di otak , tim peneliti mampu mengamati interaksi antara berbagai daerah di otak secara real time . Teknik pencitraan baru mereka bisa membantu dengan deteksi dini penyakit Alzheimer .

.......... Atas dasar prinsip ini , peneliti Isik Karahanoglu dan Dimitri Van De Ville telah berhasil memvisualisasikan daerah aktivasi otak yang berbeda . Mereka menggabungkan teknik pemodelan baru dan teknik pencitraan medis dalam proyek yang menjembatani EPFL dan University of Geneva ( UNIGE ) . Penelitian yang diterbitkan di Nature Communications , memberikan wawasan baru bagaimana otak mengatur sendiri , dan set the stage  untuk diagnosis awal gangguan neurologis seperti Alzheimer , di mana jaringan ini rusak.....more

Observing brain network dynamics to diagnose Alzheimer's disease

Date:

July 16, 2015

Source:

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Summary:

By analyzing blood flow in the brain, a team of researchers was able to
observe the interactions between different regions in the brain in real time.
Their new imaging technique could help with the early detection of Alzheimer's
disease.

................

Various types of information can be ascertained by the way blood flows
through the brain. When a region of the brain has been activated, blood flow
increases and oxygenation rises. By observing variations in blood flow with the
help of non-invasive imaging, it is possible to determine which regions are at
work at a given point in time and how they work together.

On the basis of this principle, researchers Isik Karahanoglu and Dimitri
Van De Ville have managed to visualize the different activation regions of the
brain. They combined a new modeling technique and a medical imaging technique
in a project bridging EPFL and the University of Geneva (UNIGE). The research,
published in Nature Communications, provides new insights into how
the brain organizes itself, and sets the stage for early diagnosis of
neurological disorders like Alzheimer's, in which these networks break down.

In most brain-related disorders, several neural networks -- rather than an
isolated region -- break down. Understanding how the regions interact provides
insight into how these disorders work.

Seeing if a region is in "on" or "off" mode

There is already an imaging technique called "functional magnetic
resonance imaging" (fMRI), which records variations in blood flow. But
this process has its flaws. Thanks to a complex computational method, the
researchers were able to clean up the imperfect signals obtained from fMRI and
get a precise and dynamic picture of blood flow in the brain. They can see
which regions of the brain are activated in an explicit "on" or
"off" mode.

"Imagine taking pictures of a rainbow-coloured windmill that is
turning very fast. With the old technique, the colours are fuzzy and run
together," said Van De Ville. "With our method we can clearly see the
border between each colour on each photo." Similarly, the dynamic map
shows which regions activate simultaneously in the brain and where they are
located.

Non-stimulated brain for better data gathering

To identify the regions that work together, the tests were done on healthy,
non-stimulated subjects. Even when in a state of 'rest' and not being used, a
patient's brain has regions that are constantly activating and deactivating.
"The patient must not do anything once in the MRI machine. The data are
thus not distorted by the stress or fatigue that stimulation or a task could
cause," said Karahanoglu.

Surprising results

In all, the researchers identified 13 main networks, i.e. those that send
out the strongest signals. On average, four of these networks were active at
the same time. "Until now, we thought the regions took turns activating,
and that they did so with little coordination," added Van De Ville.

A diagnostic tool for doctors

The next step consists in using this technique to diagnose neurological
disorders. Alzheimer disease, for example shows deterioration in brain networks
even when clinical symptoms are undetectable or negligible. Using fMRI to
detect, as early as possible, cases that are most likely to develop into
Alzheimer's would improve drug administration. Drugs currently in development
could then be administered during the phase in which they would be most effective.
Research along these lines is underway in collaboration with other neuroscience
and clinical teams. Isik Karahanoglu, who is currently a post-doctoral fellow
at Harvard Medical School, is also applying the technique to better understand
alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorder.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided
by Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Fikret Işik Karahanoğlu, Dimitri Van De Ville. Transient brain
activity disentangles fMRI resting-state dynamics in terms of spatially and temporally
overlapping networks. Nature Communications, July 2015
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8751

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150716091528.htm

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