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Mengapa kita hidup di bumi dan tidak di Venus

Date:

July 21, 2015

Source:

University of British Columbia

Summary:

Compared to its celestial neighbors Venus and Mars, Earth is a pretty habitable place. So how did we get so lucky? A new study sheds light on the improbable evolutionary path that enabled Earth to sustain life.

Dibandingkan dengan tetangga celestial  nya Venus dan Mars , Bumi adalah tempat yang cukup layak huni . Jadi bagaimana kita  begitu beruntung ? Sebuah studi baru menyoroti jalur evolusi mustahil yang memungkinkan bumi untuk mempertahankan hidup .

........... The research, published this week in Nature Geoscience, suggests that Earth's first crust, which was rich in radioactive heat-producing elements such as uranium and potassium, was torn from the planet and lost to space when asteroids bombarded the planet early in its history. This phenomenon, known as impact erosion, helps explain a landmark discovery made over a decade ago about the Earth's composition.

........... Penelitian yang diterbitkan pekan ini di Nature Geoscience , menunjukkan bahwa kerak bumi pertama , yang kaya akan unsur panas yang memproduksi radioaktif seperti uranium dan potassium , robek dari planet dan kalah ruang ketika asteroid membombardir planet di awal sejarahnya . Fenomena ini , dikenal sebagai dampak erosi  , membantu menjelaskan penemuan penting yang dibuat lebih dari satu dekade yang lalu tentang komposisi bumi ......more

Why we live on
Earth and not Venus

Date:

July 21, 2015

Source:

University of British Columbia

Summary:

Compared to its celestial neighbors Venus and Mars, Earth is a pretty
habitable place. So how did we get so lucky? A new study sheds light on the improbable
evolutionary path that enabled Earth to sustain life.

........................

Compared to its celestial neighbours Venus and Mars, Earth is a pretty
habitable place. So how did we get so lucky? A new study sheds light on the
improbable evolutionary path that enabled Earth to sustain life.

The research, published this week in Nature Geoscience,
suggests that Earth's first crust, which was rich in radioactive heat-producing
elements such as uranium and potassium, was torn from the planet and lost to
space when asteroids bombarded the planet early in its history. This
phenomenon, known as impact erosion, helps explain a landmark discovery made
over a decade ago about the Earth's composition.

Researchers with the University of British Columbia and University of
California, Santa Barbara say that the early loss of these two elements
ultimately determined the evolution of Earth's plate tectonics, magnetic field
and climate.

"The events that define the early formation and bulk composition of
Earth govern, in part, the subsequent tectonic, magnetic and climatic histories
of our planet, all of which have to work together to create the Earth in which
we live," said Mark Jellinek, a professor in the Department of Earth,
Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences at UBC. "It's these events that
potentially differentiate Earth from other planets."

On Earth, shifting tectonic plates cause regular overturning of Earth's
surface, which steadily cools the underlying mantle, maintains the planet's
strong magnetic field and stimulates volcanic activity. Erupting volcanoes
release greenhouse gases from deep inside the planet and regular eruptions help
to maintain the habitable climate that distinguishes Earth from all other rocky
planets.

Venus is the most similar planet to Earth in terms of size, mass, density,
gravity and composition. While Earth has had a stable and habitable climate
over geological time, Venus is in a climate catastrophe with a thick carbon
dioxide atmosphere and surface temperatures reaching about 470 C. In this
study, Jellinek and Matt Jackson, an associate professor at the University of
California, explain why the two planets could have evolved so differently.

"Earth could have easily ended up like present day Venus," said
Jellinek. "A key difference that can tip the balance, however, may be
differing extents of impact erosion."

With less impact erosion, Venus would cool episodically with catastrophic
swings in the intensity of volcanic activity driving dramatic and
billion-year-long swings in climate.

"We played out this impact erosion story forward in time and we were
able to show that the effect of the conditions governing the initial
composition of a planet can have profound consequences for its evolution. It's
a very special set of circumstances that make Earth."







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity
of British Columbia. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
A. M. Jellinek, M. G. Jackson. Connections between the bulk
composition, geodynamics and habitability of Earth. Nature
Geoscience, 2015; DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2488

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150721193957.htm

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