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Mengubah helicases RNA di roundworm  gandakan  umur mereka : teknik yang sama dapat digunakan pada sel manusia , kata para ahli

Date:

July 21, 2015

Source:

Institute for Basic Science

Summary:

Hal-hal yang kita lakukan untuk memperpanjang hidup kita - berhenti merokok , mengurangi karbohidrat ,  joging - semua memiliki beberapa dampak pada umur panjang kami , jika hanya sedikit . Tapi tidak peduli seberapa keras kita bekerja untuk mengejar impian selamanya tetap sehat dan awet muda , upaya kita semua berakhir dengan cara yang sama dan kami harus datang untuk berdamai dengan kenyataan bahwa kita adalah makhluk fana yang  hidup pada waktu yang terbatas . Tidak ada yang bisa kita lakukan untuk menghentikan proses penuaan , dan hal kebanyakan  orang hanya melayani untuk menunda yang tak terelakkan : kita tidak bisa menghentikan  kematian .

...................... Jika seseorang akan mencoba untuk menghentikannya , apa yang akan menjadi langkah pertama ? Para peneliti di Pusat Penelitian  Penuaan Tanaman  dengan dukungan dari Institut Sains Dasar ( IBS ) di Korea telah membuat terobosan dalam decoding proses penuaan dan bagaimana untuk secara dramatis memperlambatnya ....more

Altering RNA
helicases in roundworms doubles their lifespan: similar technique could be used
on human cells, experts say

Date:

July 21, 2015

Source:

Institute for Basic Science

Summary:

The things we do to extend our lives -- quitting smoking, cutting back on
carbs, taking up jogging -- all have some impact on our longevity, if only just
a little. But no matter how hard we work towards chasing the dream of forever
staying fit and youthful, our efforts all end the same way and we must come to
terms with the fact that we are mortal beings living on a finite timeline.
There is nothing we can do to stop the aging process, and most things people do
only serve to delay the inevitable: we can't stop death.

.......................

The things we do to extend our lives -- quitting smoking, cutting back on
carbs, taking up jogging -- all have some impact on our longevity, if only just
a little. But no matter how hard we work towards chasing the dream of forever
staying fit and youthful, our efforts all end the same way and we must come to
terms with the fact that we are mortal beings living on a finite timeline.
There is nothing we can do to stop the aging process, and most things people do
only serve to delay the inevitable: we can't stop death.

If someone was going to attempt to stop it, what would be the first step?
Researchers at the Center for Plant Aging Research with support from the
Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea have made a breakthrough in decoding
the aging process and how to dramatically slow it down.

Our bodies are programmed to grow rapidly when we are young, mature into
adults, and then at a certain age the regeneration and repair of our cells,
tissue and organs grinds to a halt. All the mechanisms are not yet completely
mapped out, but the IBS team has made several significant steps toward
understanding how the lifespan of a cell is regulated.

The team tested the cells of a specific roundworm,Caenorhabditis elegans,
which despite being only 1 mm in length, share some of the same cellular attributes
as humans. While looking into the roundworm cells, they focused their attention
on RNA helicases, a family of enzymes that regulate the function of RNA. The
helicases are well understood but their function in relation to the aging
process has not yet been fully explored. IBS Center for Plant Aging Research
Director Hong Gil Nam looked specifically at a helicase called HEL-1 and
discovered that its inhibition has the property of promoting longevity in
roundworms.

To identify which helicases they needed to focus their attention on, the
team targeted each of the 78 RNA helicases to see what the effects would be.
They noticed that the result of altering more than 30 RNA helicase genes
actually significantly decreased life expectancy. They realized that they
wouldn't be able to alter every single one of the 78 RNA helicases in order to
increase lifespan. Each RNA helicase played a different and important role and
needed to be switched on or off individually.

The team used a mutated form of the roundworm in which they restricted a
gene called daf-2 which is responsible for the rate of aging, reproductive
development, resistance to oxidative stress, thermotolerance, resistance to
hypoxia, and resistance to bacterial pathogens. In this case the daf-2 gene was
altered so its IIS (insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling)
would be restricted. These daf-2 mutants display increased resistance against
diverse stresses, including heat stress, pathogenic bacteria, and oxidative
stress and most importantly, the daf-2 mutants displayed double the lifespan
compared to wild Caenorhabditis elegans roundworms.

The team believes that HEL-1 may act as a transcription regulator, which
control how cells convert DNA to RNA since other RNA helicases do the same
thing now. According to the team, "In contrast to the expectation that RNA
helicases have general housekeeping roles in RNA metabolism, our findings
reveal that the RNA helicase HEL-1 has specific roles in a specific longevity
pathway."

Even if immortality isn't an immediate result of this work, there are other
possible applications. Something called DDX39 (the mammalian version of the
roundworm's HEL-1) is found in increased levels in the frontal cortex of
patients with Alzheimer's disease. The ability to regulate DDX39 and other RNA
helicases may give us an insight into finding the ability to control
Alzheimer's disease, among other brain disorders.

Using the technique of altering RNA helicases to extend life in humans
looks promising as human and roundworm both have HEL-1 and IIS which can be
manipulated in similar ways. It isn't clear if the same mechanism is
responsible for cellular aging regulation in humans, but evidence suggests that
it might be. This research hasn't given humanity a cure to any diseases or made
any claims of human life extension but it is an important first step in more
fully understanding the lifecycle and function of cells.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byInstitute
for Basic Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Mihwa Seo, Keunhee Seo, Wooseon Hwang, Hee Jung Koo, Jeong-Hoon Hahm,
Jae-Seong Yang, Seong Kyu Han, Daehee Hwang, Sanguk Kim, Sung Key Jang, Yoontae
Lee, Hong Gil Nam, Seung-Jae V. Lee. RNA helicase HEL-1 promotes
longevity by specifically activating DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor signaling
inCaenorhabditis elegans. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 2015; 201505451 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1505451112

The things we do to extend our lives -- quitting smoking, cutting back on
carbs, taking up jogging -- all have some impact on our longevity, if only just
a little. But no matter how hard we work towards chasing the dream of forever
staying fit and youthful, our efforts all end the same way and we must come to
terms with the fact that we are mortal beings living on a finite timeline.
There is nothing we can do to stop the aging process, and most things people do
only serve to delay the inevitable: we can't stop death.

If someone was going to attempt to stop it, what would be the first step?
Researchers at the Center for Plant Aging Research with support from the
Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea have made a breakthrough in decoding
the aging process and how to dramatically slow it down.

Our bodies are programmed to grow rapidly when we are young, mature into
adults, and then at a certain age the regeneration and repair of our cells,
tissue and organs grinds to a halt. All the mechanisms are not yet completely
mapped out, but the IBS team has made several significant steps toward
understanding how the lifespan of a cell is regulated.

The team tested the cells of a specific roundworm,Caenorhabditis elegans,
which despite being only 1 mm in length, share some of the same cellular
attributes as humans. While looking into the roundworm cells, they focused
their attention on RNA helicases, a family of enzymes that regulate the
function of RNA. The helicases are well understood but their function in
relation to the aging process has not yet been fully explored. IBS Center for
Plant Aging Research Director Hong Gil Nam looked specifically at a helicase
called HEL-1 and discovered that its inhibition has the property of promoting
longevity in roundworms.

To identify which helicases they needed to focus their attention on, the
team targeted each of the 78 RNA helicases to see what the effects would be.
They noticed that the result of altering more than 30 RNA helicase genes
actually significantly decreased life expectancy. They realized that they
wouldn't be able to alter every single one of the 78 RNA helicases in order to
increase lifespan. Each RNA helicase played a different and important role and
needed to be switched on or off individually.

The team used a mutated form of the roundworm in which they restricted a
gene called daf-2 which is responsible for the rate of aging, reproductive
development, resistance to oxidative stress, thermotolerance, resistance to
hypoxia, and resistance to bacterial pathogens. In this case the daf-2 gene was
altered so its IIS (insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling)
would be restricted. These daf-2 mutants display increased resistance against
diverse stresses, including heat stress, pathogenic bacteria, and oxidative
stress and most importantly, the daf-2 mutants displayed double the lifespan
compared to wild Caenorhabditis elegans roundworms.

The team believes that HEL-1 may act as a transcription regulator, which
control how cells convert DNA to RNA since other RNA helicases do the same
thing now. According to the team, "In contrast to the expectation that RNA
helicases have general housekeeping roles in RNA metabolism, our findings
reveal that the RNA helicase HEL-1 has specific roles in a specific longevity
pathway."

Even if immortality isn't an immediate result of this work, there are other
possible applications. Something called DDX39 (the mammalian version of the
roundworm's HEL-1) is found in increased levels in the frontal cortex of
patients with Alzheimer's disease. The ability to regulate DDX39 and other RNA
helicases may give us an insight into finding the ability to control
Alzheimer's disease, among other brain disorders.

Using the technique of altering RNA helicases to extend life in humans
looks promising as human and roundworm both have HEL-1 and IIS which can be
manipulated in similar ways. It isn't clear if the same mechanism is
responsible for cellular aging regulation in humans, but evidence suggests that
it might be. This research hasn't given humanity a cure to any diseases or made
any claims of human life extension but it is an important first step in more
fully understanding the lifecycle and function of cells.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byInstitute
for Basic Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Mihwa Seo, Keunhee Seo, Wooseon Hwang, Hee Jung Koo, Jeong-Hoon Hahm,
Jae-Seong Yang, Seong Kyu Han, Daehee Hwang, Sanguk Kim, Sung Key Jang, Yoontae
Lee, Hong Gil Nam, Seung-Jae V. Lee. RNA helicase HEL-1 promotes
longevity by specifically activating DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor signaling
inCaenorhabditis elegans. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 2015; 201505451 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1505451112

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150721081630.htm

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