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Otak bayi menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan sosial terkait dengan pembelajaran bahasa kedua

Date:

July 27, 2015

Source:

University of Washington

Summary:

Bayi belajar bahasa terbaik dengan berinteraksi dengan orang-orang yang bukan pasif melalui video atau rekaman audio . Tapi sudah jelas apa aspek interaksi sosial membuat mereka begitu penting untuk belajar . Temuan baru menunjukkan untuk pertama kalinya bahwa perilaku sosial awal disebut tatapan pergeseran ini terkait dengan kemampuan bayi untuk belajar suara bahasa baru .

................ Temuan baru oleh para peneliti di Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences ( I- LABS ) di University of Washington menunjukkan untuk pertama kalinya bahwa perilaku sosial awal disebut tatapan pergeseran ini terkait dengan kemampuan bayi untuk belajar suara bahasa baru .

Bayi berusia sekitar 10 bulan yang terlibat dalam lebih tatapan pergeseran selama sesi dengan guru bahasa asing menunjukkan dorongan dalam respon otak yang menunjukkan pembelajaran bahasa , menurut penelitian , yang diterbitkan dalam edisi terbaru dari Developmental Neuropsikologi .....more

Babies' brains
show that social skills linked to second language learning

Date:

July 27, 2015

Source:

University of Washington

Summary:

Babies learn language best by interacting with people rather than passively
through a video or audio recording. But it's been unclear what aspects of
social interactions make them so important for learning. New findings
demonstrate for the first time that an early social behavior called gaze
shifting is linked to infants' ability to learn new language sounds.

....................

Babies learn language best by interacting with people rather than passively
through a video or audio recording. But it's been unclear what aspects of
social interactions make them so important for learning.

New findings by researchers at the Institute for Learning & Brain
Sciences (I-LABS) at the University of Washington demonstrate for the first
time that an early social behavior called gaze shifting is linked to infants'
ability to learn new language sounds.

Babies about 10 months old who engaged in more gaze shifting during
sessions with a foreign language tutor showed a boost in a brain response that
indicates language learning, according to the study, which is published in the
current issue of Developmental Neuropsychology.

"Our study provides evidence that infants' social skills play a role
in cracking the code of the new language," said co-author Patricia Kuhl,
co-director of I-LABS.

"We found that the degree to which infants visually tracked the tutors
and the toys they held was linked to brain measures of infant learning, showing
that social behaviors give helpful information to babies in a complex natural
language learning situation," Kuhl said.

Gaze shifting, when a baby makes eye contact and then looks at the same
object that the other person is looking at, is one of the earliest social
skills that babies show.

"These moments of shared visual attention develop as babies interact
with their parents, and they change the baby's brain," said co-author
Rechele Brooks, research assistant professor at I-LABS.

In an earlier report, Brooks and others showed that infant gaze shifting
serves as a building block for more sophisticated language and social skills as
measured in preschool children.

"Since gaze shifting is linked to a larger vocabulary in preschoolers,
we suspected that eye gaze might be important earlier when babies are first
learning the sounds of a new language, and we wanted to use brain measures to
test this," Brooks said.

In the experiment, 9.5-month-old babies from English-speaking households
attended foreign language tutoring sessions. Over four weeks, the 17 infants
interacted with a tutor during 12 25-minute sessions. The tutors read books and
talked and played with toys while speaking in Spanish.

At the beginning and end of the four-week period, researchers counted how
often the infants shifted their eye gaze between the tutor and the toys the
tutor showed the baby. 

After the tutoring sessions ended, the researchers brought the babies back
to the lab to see how much Spanish the babies had learned. This was measured by
their brain responses to English and Spanish sounds. The babies listened to a
series of language sounds while wearing an electroencephalography (EEG) cap to
measure their brain activity.

The results showed that the more gaze shifting the babies participated in
during their tutoring sessions, the greater their brain responses were to the
Spanish language sounds.

"Our findings show that young babies' social engagement contributes to
their own language learning -- they're not just passive listeners of
language," Brooks said. "They're paying attention, and showing
parents they're ready to learn when they're looking back and forth. That's when
the most learning happens."

The study builds on earlier work by Kuhl's team, which found that babies
from English-speaking households could learn Mandarin from live tutors, but not
from video or audio recordings of Mandarin and from other work at I-LABS
establishing the importance of infant eye gaze for language learning.

The researchers hope their findings help parents, caregivers and early
childhood educators develop strategies for teaching young children.

"Babies learn best from people," Brooks said. "During
playtime your child is learning so much from you. Spending time with your child
matters. Keeping them engaged -- that's what helps them learn language."

See a video example of gaze shifting:https://youtu.be/3ULXrVhMEts







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity
of Washington. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Barbara T. Conboy, Rechele Brooks, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Patricia K.
Kuhl. Social Interaction in Infants’ Learning of Second-Language
Phonetics: An Exploration of Brain–Behavior Relations. Developmental
Neuropsychology, 2015; 40 (4): 216 DOI:10.1080/87565641.2015.1014487

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150727100024.htm

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