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Ekstrak daun Chestnut  melucuti bakteri Staph yang mematikan

Date:

August 21, 2015

Source:

Emory Health Sciences

Summary:

Studi dari ekstrak daun chestnut  , kaya ursene dan oleanene derivatif , menunjukkan bahwa mem blok Staphlococcus aureus virulensi dan patogenesis tanpa perlawanan terdeteksi .

............. PLoS ONE menerbitkan studi dari ekstrak daun chestnut  , kaya ursene dan oleanene derivatif , yang mem blok Staphlococcus aureus virulensi dan patogenesis tanpa perlawanan terdeteksi .....more

Chestnut leaves yield extract that disarms deadly
staph bacteria

Extract shuts down staph without
boosting its drug resistance

Date:

August 21, 2015

Source:

Emory Health Sciences

Summary:

The study of a chestnut leaf extract,
rich in ursene and oleanene derivatives, shows that it that blocks
Staphlococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis without detectable resistance.

.......................

Leaves of the European chestnut tree
contain ingredients with the power to disarm dangerous staph bacteria without
boosting its drug resistance, scientists have found.

PLOS ONE is publishing the study of a chestnut leaf
extract, rich in ursene and oleanene derivatives, that blocksStaphlococcus
aureus virulence and pathogenesis without detectable resistance.

The use of chestnut leaves in
traditional folk remedies inspired the research, led by Cassandra Quave, an
ethnobotanist at Emory University.

"We've identified a family of
compounds from this plant that have an interesting medicinal mechanism,"
Quave says. "Rather than killing staph, this botanical extract works by
taking away staph's weapons, essentially shutting off the ability of the
bacteria to create toxins that cause tissue damage. In other words, it takes
the teeth out of the bacteria's bite."

The discovery holds potential for new
ways to both treat and prevent infections of methicillin-resistant S.
aureus, or MRSA, without fueling the growing problem of drug-resistant
pathogens.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria annually
cause at least two million illnesses and 23,000 deaths in the United States,
according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MRSA infections
lead to everything from mild skin irritations to fatalities. Evolving strains
of this "super bug" bacterium pose threats to both hospital patients
with compromised immune systems and young, healthy athletes and others who are
in close physical contact.

"We've demonstrated in the lab that
our extract disarms even the hyper-virulent MRSA strains capable of causing
serious infections in healthy athletes," Quave says. "At the same
time, the extract doesn't disturb the normal, healthy bacteria on human skin.
It's all about restoring balance."

Quave, who researches the interactions
of people and plants -- a specialty known as ethnobotany -- is on the faculty
of Emory's Center for the Study of Human Health and Emory School of Medicine's
Department of Dermatology. She became interested in ethnobotany as an
undergraduate at Emory.

For years, she and her colleagues have
researched the traditional remedies of rural people in Southern Italy and other
parts of the Mediterranean. "I felt strongly that people who dismissed
traditional healing plants as medicine because the plants don't kill a pathogen
were not asking the right questions," she says. "What if these plants
play some other role in fighting a disease?"

Hundreds of field interviews guided her
to the European chestnut tree, Castanea sativa. "Local people and healers
repeatedly told us how they would make a tea from the leaves of the chestnut
tree and wash their skin with it to treat skin infections and
inflammations," Quave says.

For the current study, Quave teamed up
with Alexander Horswill, a microbiologist at the University of Iowa whose lab
focuses on creating tools for use in drug discovery, such as glow-in-the-dark
staph strains.

The researchers steeped chestnut leaves
in solvents to extract their chemical ingredients. "You separate the
complex mixture of chemicals found in the extract into smaller batches with
fewer chemical ingredients, test the results, and keep honing in on the
ingredients that are the most active," Quave explains. "It's a
methodical process and takes a lot of hours at the bench. Emory undergraduates
did much of the work to gain experience in chemical separation techniques."

The work produced an extract of 94
chemicals, of which ursene and oleanene based compounds are the most active.

Tests showed that this extract inhibits
the ability of staph bacteria to communicate with one another, a process known
as quorum sensing. MRSA uses this quorum-sensing signaling system to
manufacture toxins and ramp up its virulence.

"We were able to trace out the
pathways in the lab, showing how our botanical extract blocks quorum sensing
and turns off toxin production entirely," Quave says. "Many pharmaceutical
companies are working on the development of monoclonal antibodies that target
just one toxin. This is more exciting because we've shown that with this
extract, we can turn off an entire cascade responsible for producing a variety
of different toxins."

A single dose of the extract, at 50
micrograms, cleared up MRSA skin lesions in lab mice, stopping tissue damage
and red blood cell damage. The extract does not lose activity, or become
resistant, even after two weeks of repeated exposure. And tests on human skin
cells in a lab dish showed that the botanical extract does not harm the skin
cells, or the normal skin micro-flora.

The Emory Office of Technology Transfer
has filed a patent for the discovery of the unique properties of the botanical
extract. The researchers are doing further testing on individual components of
the extract to determine if they work best in combination or alone.

"We now have a mixture that
works," Quave says. "Our goal is to further refine it into a simpler
compound that would be eligible for FDA consideration as a therapeutic
agent."

Potential uses include a preventative
spray for football pads or other athletic equipment; preventative coatings for
medical devices and products such as tampons that offer favorable environments
for the growth of MRSA; and as a treatment for MRSA infections, perhaps in
combination with antibiotics.

"It's easy to dismiss traditional
remedies as old wives' tales, just because they don't attack and kill
pathogens," Quave says. "But there are many more ways to help cure
infections, and we need to focus on them in the era of drug-resistant
bacteria."







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Emory Health Sciences. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Cassandra L. Quave, James T. Lyles,
Jeffery S. Kavanaugh, Kate Nelson, Corey P. Parlet, Heidi A. Crosby, Kristopher
P. Heilmann, Alexander R. Horswill. Castanea sativa (European Chestnut)
Leaf Extracts Rich in Ursene and Oleanene Derivatives Block Staphylococcus
aureus Virulence and Pathogenesis without Detectable Resistance. PLOS
ONE, 2015; 10 (8): e0136486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136486

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150821164150.htm

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