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Agronomis mengeksplorasi genetika yang memungkinkan tanaman hibrida untuk melakukan hal yang lebih baik dari orang tua nya
Date:
October 7, 2015
Source:
Iowa State University
Summary:
Sebuah studi baru dari sorgum mengeksplorasi genetika heterosis , proses dimana tanaman hibrida tampil lebih baik daripada varietas induk yang digunakan untuk membuat mereka . Studi baru mengisi beberapa kesenjangan yang mengomentari ilmuwan selama bertahun-tahun dan dapat menyebabkan lebih presisi dalam pemuliaan tanaman ,catat penulis utama
.
......... Studi baru mengisi beberapa kesenjangan yang mengomentari ilmuwan selama bertahun-tahun dan dapat menyebabkan lebih presisi dalam pemuliaan tanaman , kata Jianming Yu , seorang profesor agronomi dan ketua Pioneer Distinguished di Maize Breeding .
Genetika yang tepat yang drive heterosis hanya sebagian dipahami , sehingga Yu bekerja dengan rekan-rekannya di Kansas State University untuk dijabarkan bagaimana heterosis bekerja tentang tinggi tanaman pada tanaman sorgum . Penelitian ini diterbitkan baru-baru ini di Proceedings peer-review dari National Academy of Sciences ....more
Agronomist
explores the genetics that allow hybrid plants to perform better than parents
Date:
October 7, 2015
Source:
Iowa State University
Summary:
A new study of sorghum explores the genetics of heterosis, the process by
which hybrid plants perform better than the parent varieties used to create
them. The new study fills in some of the gaps that have nagged scientists for
years and could lead to more precision in plant breeding, notes the lead
author.
.........................
An Iowa State University agronomist has helped uncover the genetic
mechanisms in sorghum plants that allow hybrids to perform better than parent
varieties, a process known as heterosis.
The new study fills in some of the gaps that have nagged scientists for
years and could lead to more precision in plant breeding, said Jianming Yu, an
associate professor of agronomy and the Pioneer Distinguished Chair in Maize
Breeding.
The precise genetics that that drive heterosis are only partially
understood, so Yu worked with colleagues at Kansas State University to pin down
how heterosis works regarding plant height in sorghum plants. The research was
published recently in the peer-reviewed Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences.
"The mechanisms behind heterosis have been debated for a long time,
but there haven't been a lot of concrete answers," said Xin Li, the first
author and a graduate student in agronomy. "For this paper, we tried to
show specifically what is happening with plant height in sorghum. It's an
example that illustrates the theory."
The study focused on repulsion phase linkage, or the link between a
dominant allele of one gene with the recessive allele of another gene. The
dominant alleles are responsible for the higher expression of hereditary
traits. Studying repulsion phase linkage in sorghum explains how a hybrid plant
can be taller than either of the parent varieties.
Where does that extra height come from if not from either parent?
Yu explained that the genes of inbred plants -- or plants produced from the
same parent variety -- sometimes cancel each other out. Combining the right
varieties means those genes are no longer canceling each other out, unleashing
the potential for desirable traits to manifest in the hybrid, Yu said.
He also said multiple genes govern a sorghum plant's total height. For
instance, some genes may only influence the base of the plant, while other
genes affect the entire plant. Untangling all those connections also points to
how hybrids may outperform both parent varieties, he said.
The findings could pave the way for faster and more focused advances in
developing varieties for a range of crops. Yu said that gaining a better
understanding of heterosis will take some of the guess work out of plant
breeding.
"If you understand the genetics, you don't have to make random crosses
of hybrids and see if you get the traits you want," he said.
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided
by Iowa State University. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Xin Li, Xianran Li, Eyal Fridman, Tesfaye T. Tesso, Jianming Yu. Dissecting
repulsion linkage in the dwarfing geneDw3region for sorghum plant height
provides insights into heterosis. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 2015; 112 (38): 11823 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1509229112