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Alga kuno tahu bagaimana untuk bertahan hidup di darat sebelum meninggalkan air dan berkembang menjadi tanaman pertama
Date:
October 5, 2015
Source:
John Innes Centre
Summary:
Sebuah tim ilmuwan telah memecahkan misteri lama tentang tahap-tahap pertama kehidupan tanaman di bumi .
............ Sampai sekarang itu telah diasumsikan bahwa alga yang berkembang kemampuannya untuk sumber nutrisi penting untuk kelangsungan hidup setelah tiba di tanah dengan membentuk hubungan dekat dengan jamur yang menguntungkan yang disebut mikoriza arbuskular ( AM ) , yang masih ada saat ini dan yang membantu akar tanaman mendapatkan nutrisi dan air dari tanah dalam pertukaran untuk karbon . Penemuan sebelumnya 450 juta tahun spora fosil berusia mirip dengan spora cendawan AM menunjukkan jamur ini akan hadir dalam lingkungan yang dihadapi oleh tanaman darat pertama .....more
Ancient alga
knew how to survive on land before it left water and evolved into the first
plant
Date:
October 5, 2015
Source:
John Innes Centre
Summary:
A team of scientists has solved a long-running mystery about the first
stages of plant life on earth.
............................
A team of scientists led by Dr Pierre-Marc Delaux (John Innes Centre /
University of Wisconsin, Madison) has solved a long-running mystery about the
first stages of plant life on earth.
The team of scientists from the John Innes Centre, the University of
Wisconsin -- Madison and other international collaborators, has discovered how
an ancient alga was able to inhabit land, before it went on to evolve into the
world's first plant and colonise the earth.
Up until now it had been assumed that the alga evolved the capability to
source essential nutrients for its survival after it arrived on land by forming
a close association with a beneficial fungi called arbuscular
mycorrhiza (AM), which still exists today and which helps plant roots
obtain nutrients and water from soil in exchange for carbon. The previous
discovery of 450 million year old fossilised spores similar to the spores of
the AM fungi suggests this fungi would have been present in the environment
encountered by the first land plants. Remnants of prehistoric fungi have also
been found inside the cells of the oldest plant macro-fossils, reinforcing this
idea. However, scientists were not clear how the algal ancestor of land plants
could have survived long enough to mediate a quid pro quo arrangement with a
fungi. This new finding points to the alga developing this crucial capability
while still living in the earth's oceans!
Dr Delaux and colleagues analysed DNA and RNA of some of the earliest known
land plants and green algae and found evidence that their shared algal ancestor
living in the Earth's waters already possessed the set of genes, or symbiotic
pathways, it needed to detect and interact with the beneficial AM fungi.
The team of scientists believes this capability was pivotal in enabling the
alga to survive out of the water and to colonise the earth. By working with the
fungi to find sustenance, the alga was able to buy time to adapt and evolve in
a very different and seemingly infertile environment.
Dr Delaux said: "At some point 450 million years ago, alga from the
earth's waters splashed up on to barren land. Somehow it survived and took
root, a watershed moment that kick-started the evolution of life on earth. Our
discovery shows for the first time that the alga already knew how to survive on
land while it was still in the water. Without the development of this
pre-adapted capability in alga, the earth could be a very different place
today.
"This finding has filled a gap in our collective knowledge about the
origins of life on earth. None of this would have been possible without the
dedication of a world-wide team of scientists including a tremendous
contribution from the 1KP initiative led by Gane KS Wong ."
Professor Jean-Michel Ané, from the University of Wisconsin said: "The
surprise was finding the mechanisms in algae which allow plants to interact
with symbiotic fungi. Nobody has studied beneficial associations in these
algae."
This research was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences
Research Council (BBSRC) and the US based National Science Federation.
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided by John
Innes Centre. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Pierre-Marc Delaux, Guru V. Radhakrishnan, Dhileepkumar Jayaraman, Jitender
Cheema, Mathilde Malbreil, Jeremy D. Volkening, Hiroyuki Sekimoto, Tomoaki
Nishiyama, Michael Melkonian, Lisa Pokorny, Carl J. Rothfels, Heike Winter
Sederoff, Dennis W. Stevenson, Barbara Surek, Yong Zhang, Michael R. Sussman,
Christophe Dunand, Richard J. Morris, Christophe Roux, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Giles
E. D. Oldroyd, Jean-Michel Ané. Algal ancestor of land plants was
preadapted for symbiosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 2015; 201515426 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1515426112