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Petunjuk tentang cara leher jerapah  berevolusi

Bukti fosil menunjukkan tulang memanjang dalam 2 tahap

Date:

October 7, 2015

Source:

New York Institute of Technology

Summary:

Para peneliti telah menemukan tahap elongasi serviks dalam famili jerapah , mengungkapkan rincian tentang transformasi evolusi leher dalam spesies punah dari family mereka .

................. Sebuah studi baru dari fosil tulang leher  mengungkapkan evolusi kemungkinan terjadi dalam beberapa tahap dimana  salah satu leher hewan vertebra membentang pertama menuju kepala dan kemudian menuju ekor beberapa juta tahun kemudian . Penulis penelitian mengatakan penelitian menunjukkan , untuk pertama kalinya , spesifik dari transformasi evolusi pada spesies punah dalam keluarga jerapah .......more

Clues on how
giraffe neck evolved

Fossil evidence shows vertebrae elongated in 2 stages

Date:

October 7, 2015

Source:

New York Institute of Technology

Summary:

Researchers have discovered stages of cervical elongation in the giraffe
family, revealing details about the evolutionary transformation of the neck
within extinct species of the family.

......................

Scientists have long theorized that the long neck of modern-day giraffes
evolved to enable them to find more vegetation or to develop a specialized
method of fighting.

A new study of fossil cervical vertebrae reveals the evolution likely
occurred in several stages as one of the animal's neck vertebrae stretched
first toward the head and then toward the tail a few million years later. The
study's authors say the research shows, for the first time, the specifics of
the evolutionary transformation in extinct species within the giraffe family.

"It's interesting to note that that the lengthening was not
consistent," said Nikos Solounias, a giraffe anatomy expert and
paleontologist at NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine. "First, only the
front portion of the C3 vertebra lengthened in one group of species. The second
stage was the elongation of the back portion of the C3 neck vertebra. The modern
giraffe is the only species that underwent both stages, which is why it has a
remarkably long neck."

The study, which includes a computational tracking model of the
evolutionary elongation, is published in Royal Society Open Science.

Solounias and Melinda Danowitz, a medical student in the school's Academic
Medicine Scholars program, studied 71 fossils of nine extinct and two living
species in the giraffe family. The bones, discovered in the late 1800s and
early 1900s, were housed at museums around the world, including those in
England, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Kenya, and Greece.

"We also found that the most primitive giraffe already started off
with a slightly elongated neck," said Danowitz. "The lengthening
started before the giraffe family was even created 16 million years ago."

But the main discovery came after the researchers analyzed anatomical
features of the various fossils and compared them to the evolutionary tree.

"That's when we saw the stages playing out," said Danowitz.

Solounias and Danowitz found the cranial end of the vertebra stretched
initially around 7 million years ago in the species known as Samotherium, an
extinct relative of today's modern giraffe. That was followed by a second stage
of elongation on the back or caudal portion around one million years ago. The
C3 vertebra of today's giraffe is nine times longer than its width -- about as
long as an adult human's humerus bone, which stretches from the shoulder to the
elbow.

As the modern day giraffe's neck was getting longer, the neck of another
member of the giraffe family was shortening. The okapi, found in central
Africa, is the only other living member of the giraffe family. Yet, rather than
evolving a long neck, Danowitz said this species is one of four with a
"secondarily shortened neck," placing it on a different evolutionary
pathway.

The researchers next study area is the evolution of the giraffe's long leg
bones.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by New York Institute of Technology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Melinda Danowitz, Aleksandr Vasilyev, Victoria Kortlandt, Nikos
Solounias. Fossil evidence and stages of elongation of the Giraffa
camelopardalis neck. Royal Society Open Science, 2015
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150393

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151007033229.htm

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