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Mengapa Solitary Reptil meletakkan  Telur Dalam Sarang komunal 

Reptil tidak dikenal dari makhluk yang paling sosial  . Tapi ketika datang  bertelur , reptil betina bisa sangat komunal , sering bertelur di sarang betina lainnya . Penelitian baru menunjukkan bahwa ini perilaku aneh ,  out-of – character yang  jauh lebih umum pada reptil dari yang diperkirakan sebelumnya ....read more

Why Solitary Reptiles Lay Eggs In
Communal Nests

Date:

September 7, 2009

Source:

University of Chicago Press Journals

Summary:

Reptiles are not known to be the most social of creatures. But when it
comes to laying eggs, female reptiles can be remarkably communal, often laying
their eggs in the nests of other females. New research suggests that this
curiously out-of-character behavior is far more common in reptiles than was
previously thought.

.......................

Reptiles are not known
to be the most social of creatures. But when it comes to laying eggs, female
reptiles can be remarkably communal, often laying their eggs in the nests of
other females. New research in the September issue of The Quarterly Review of Biology suggests that this curiously out-of-character behavior is far
more common in reptiles than was previously thought.

Dr. J. Sean Doody (The Australian National University) and colleagues, Drs.
Steve Freedberg and J. Scott Keogh, performed an exhaustive review of
literature on reptile egg-laying. They found that communal nesting has been
reported in 255 lizard species as well as many species of snakes and
alligators. The behavior was also documented in 136 amphibian species.

"[O]ur analysis indicates that communal egg-laying is much more common
than generally recognized," the authors write.

Despite its prevalence, why reptiles share nests remains a mystery. The
phenomenon is easier to explain in birds, many species of which also share
nests. Baby birds generally require plenty of parental care after they are
born. By nesting together, adult birds can share the burden of feeding and
protecting the young—giving a plausible advantage to communal nesting.

Reptiles, on the other hand, generally abandon their eggs before they
hatch, so sharing parental duties cannot be the reason reptiles share nests.
Many researchers have written off communal nesting in reptiles as a by-product
of habitat. In many reptile habitats, good nesting spots are scarce. It is
possible, therefore, that females share nests because there is simply nowhere
else to nest. As such, communal nesting would have no real evolutionary value
on its own; it would be something that simply occurs out of necessity.

But Doody and his colleagues doubt the by-product hypothesis. They cite
numerous reports of reptiles nesting communally even when good nesting sites
are abundant. Doody believes shared nesting may provide an evolutionary
advantage to reptiles after all—despite their lack of parental care.

Building a nest can be hard work for reptiles. Some female lizards, for
example, may spend days digging a hole deep enough to deposit eggs. During
those days, she is not doing other important things such as finding food. She
is also more vulnerable to predators. Females can avoid these costs by simply
laying eggs in a nest that someone else has gone to the trouble to build.

But sharing nests can also have a downside. When the eggs hatch, babies are
immediately forced to compete with each other for resources. In addition,
closely packed egg groups have an increased risk of disease transmission.

Using a mathematical model, Doody and his colleagues show that if the
benefits to the mother outweigh the costs to the offspring, communal nesting
makes evolutionary sense for reptiles. But when the costs of nesting together
outweigh the benefits, we should expect to see solitary nests. This would
explain why many reptile species display both solitary and communal nesting
strategies.

More study needs to be done to confirm the model, Doody says, but it is a
starting point for explaining why communal nesting is so common in otherwise
solitary reptiles.

J. Sean Doody, "Communal Egg-laying In Reptiles And Amphibians:
Evolutionary Patterns And Hypotheses." The Quarterly Review of Biology
84:3 (September 2009)

The premier review journal in biology since 1926, The Quarterly Review of
Biology publishes articles in all areas of biology but with a traditional
emphasis on evolution, ecology, and organismal biology.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by University of Chicago Press Journals. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Doody et al. Communal Egg-laying In Reptiles And Amphibians:
Evolutionary Patterns And Hypotheses.The Quarterly Review of Biology,
2009; 84 (3): 229 DOI:10.1086/605078
sumber




http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090903093149.htm

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