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Evolution of aversion :  Mengapa Bahkan Anak-anak  Takut pada  Ular

Date:

February 28, 2008

Source:

Association for Psychological Science

Summary:

Beberapa cerita tua dan mitologi  menyinggung ular sebagai penggoda nakal , musuh berbahaya atau ikonoklas kuat ; Namun , legenda sekitarnya pepatah predator  ini mungkin tidak hanya berdasarkan fantasi . Sebagai ilmuwan baru-baru ini menemukan , ketakutan umum dari ular mungkin menjadi intrinsik ...read more

Evolution Of Aversion: Why Even Children
Are Fearful Of Snakes

Date:

February 28, 2008

Source:

Association for Psychological Science

Summary:

Some of the oldest tales and wisest mythology allude to the snake as a
mischievous seducer, dangerous foe or powerful iconoclast; however, the legend
surrounding this proverbial predator may not be based solely on fantasy. As
scientists have recently discovered, the common fear of snakes may well be
intrinsic.

...................

Some of the oldest tales and wisest mythology allude to the snake as a
mischievous seducer, dangerous foe or powerful iconoclast; however, the legend
surrounding this proverbial predator may not be based solely on fantasy. As
scientists from the University of Virginia recently discovered, the common fear
of snakes may well be intrinsic.

Evolutionarily speaking, early humans who were capable of surviving the
dangers of an uncivilized society adapted accordingly. And the same can be said
of the common fear of certain animals, such as spiders and snakes: The
ancestors of modern humans were either abnormally lucky or extraordinarily
capable of detecting and deterring the threat of, for example, a poisonous
snake.

Psychologists Vanessa LoBue and Judy DeLoache were able to show this
phenomenon by examining the ability of adults and children to pinpoint snakes
among other nonthreatening objects in pictures.

“We wanted to know whether preschool children, who have much less
experience with natural threats than adults, would detect the presence of
snakes as quickly as their parents,” LoBue explained. “If there is an evolved
tendency in humans for the rapid detection of snakes, it should appear in young
children as well as their elders.”

Preschool children and their parents were shown nine color photographs on a
computer screen and were asked to find either the single snake among eight
flowers, frogs or caterpillars, or the single nonthreatening item among eight
snakes. As the study surprisingly shows, parents and their children identified
snakes more rapidly than they detected the other stimuli, despite the gap in
age and experience.

LoBue and DeLoache also found that both children and adults who don't fear
snakes are just as good at quickly identifying them as children and adults who
do fear snakes, indicating that there may be a universal human ability to
visually detect snakes whether there is or is not a fear factor based on a
learned bias or experience.

LoBue and DeLoache explain that their study does not prove an innate fear
of snakes, only that humans, including young children, seem to have an innate
ability to quickly identify a snake from among other things. One of their
previous studies indicated that humans also have a profound ability to identify
spiders from among non-threatening flora and fauna. Lobue has also shown that
people are very good at quickly detecting threats of many types, including
aggressive facial expressions.

The results, which appear in the March 2008 issue of Psychological Science,
a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, may provide the first
evidence of an adapted, visually-stimulated fear mechanism in humans.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by Association for Psychological Science. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080227121840.htm

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