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Racun Ular berbagi Bahan Similar
Date:
December 25, 2007
Source:
BioMed Central
Summary:
Racun dari keluarga ular yang berbeda mungkin memiliki banyak kesamaan bahan yang mematikan , lebih dari yang diperkirakan sebelumnya . Sebuah studi baru telah tiba-tiba menemukan three-finger toxin di subspesies dari Massasauga Rattlesnake , serta bukti untuk gen toksin baru yang dihasilkan dari fusi gen .....read more
Snake Venoms Share Similar Ingredients
Date:
December 25, 2007
Source:
BioMed Central
Summary:
Venoms from different snake families may have many deadly ingredients in
common, more than was previously thought. A new study has unexpectedly
discovered three-finger toxins in a subspecies of the Massasauga Rattlesnake,
as well as evidence for a novel toxin genes resulting from gene fusion.
..........................................
Venoms from different snake families may have many deadly ingredients in common,
more than was previously thought. A new study has unexpectedly discovered
three-finger toxins in a subspecies of the Massasauga Rattlesnake, as well as
evidence for a novel toxin genes resulting from gene fusion.
Susanta Pahari from National University of Singapore, Singapore (currently
working at Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College, Bangalore, India) used venom
glands from a rare rattlesnake that lives in arid and desert grasslands. Known
as Desert Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii), this pitviper is a
subspecies of the North American Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus).
Together with Stephen Mackessy from the University of Northern Colorado,
USA and R. Manjunatha Kini from National University of Singapore, Singapore,
Pahari constructed a cDNA library of the snake's venom gland and created 576
tagged sequences. A cocktail of recognized venom toxin sequences was detected
in the library, but the venom also contained three-finger toxin-like
transcripts, a family of poisons thought only to occur in another family of
snakes (Elapidae).
The team also spotted a novel toxin-like transcript generated by the fusion
of two individual toxin genes, a mechanism not previously observed in toxin
evolution. Toxin diversity is usually the result of gene duplication and
subsequently neofunctionalization is achieved through several point mutations
(called accelerated evolution) on the surface of the protein. Pahari says
"In addition to gene duplication, exon shuffling or transcriptional splicing
may also contribute to generating the diversity of toxins and toxin isoforms
observed among snake venoms."
Previously, researchers identified venom compounds using protein chemistry
or individual gene cloning methods. However, less abundant toxins were often missed.
The library method has now revealed new toxin genes and even new families of
toxins. Taking low abundance toxins into consideration shows advanced snakes'
venoms actually have a greater similarity than previously recognized.
Snake venoms are complex mixtures of pharmacologically active proteins and
peptides. Treating snake venom victims can be complicated because of the
variation between venoms even within snake families. Kini says "Such a
diversity of toxins provides a gold mine of bioactive polypeptides, which could
aid the development of novel therapeutic agents."
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided
by BioMed Central. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Pahari et al. The venom gland transcriptome of the Desert
Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii): towards an
understanding of venom composition among advanced snakes (Superfamily
Colubroidea). BMC Molecular Biology, 2007; 8 (1): 115
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-115