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kadal  jatuh menggunakan ekor untuk memutar udara , - seperti ' RightingBot '

Kadal, seperti kucing , memiliki bakat untuk mengubah sisi kanan atas dan mendarat di kaki mereka ketika mereka jatuh . Tapi bagaimana mereka melakukannya ? Tidak seperti kucing , yang memutar dan menekuk torso mereka untuk mengubah tegak , ayunan ekor kadal  yang besar adalah  salah satu cara untuk memutar tubuh mereka yang lain , menurut penelitian ....robot yang terinspirasi kadal  , yang disebut " RightingBot , " ...more

Falling lizards use tail for mid-air
twist, inspiring lizard-like 'RightingBot'

Date:

July 1, 2012

Source:

Society for Experimental Biology

Summary:

Lizards, just like cats, have a knack for turning right side up and landing
on their feet when they fall. But how do they do it? Unlike cats, which twist
and bend their torsos to turn upright, lizards swing their large tails one way
to rotate their body the other, according to new research. A lizard-inspired
robot, called "RightingBot," replicates the feat.

........................

Lizards, just like cats, have a knack for turning right side up and landing
on their feet when they fall. But how do they do it? Unlike cats, which twist
and bend their torsos to turn upright, lizards swing their large tails one way to
rotate their body the other, according to a recent study that will be presented
at the Society for Experimental Biology meeting on 29th June in Salzburg,
Austria. A lizard-inspired robot, called 'RightingBot', replicates the feat.

This work, carried out by Ardian Jusufi, Robert Full and colleagues at the
University of California, Berkeley, explains how large-tailed animals can turn
themselves right side up while falling through the air. It could also help
engineers to design air- or land-based robots with better stability.

"It is not immediately obvious which mechanism an animal will use to
accomplish aerial righting and recover from falling in an upside-down posture.
Depending on body size, morphology and mass distribution there are multiple
strategies for animals to execute this behavior," said Ardian Jusufi, lead
author of the study.

Lizards in their natural environment encounter various situations where
they could fall. For instance, they could fall while fighting over territory,
seeking food, or even mating. To avoid injuries, they must have a way to turn
themselves during a fall to land safely on their feet.

For over a century, people have been studying if and how cats and other
mammals right themselves when they fall. Other animals like lizards, which have
different body plans and probably use different strategies, have been largely
unexplored.

The researchers used high-speed videography to dissect the motion of two
common lizards -- the flat-tailed house gecko and green anole -- as they fall,
starting upside down. Watching as the lizards righted themselves in mid-air
before alighting on extended legs, the researchers discovered that both lizards
swing their tails in one direction, causing their bodies to turn in the other.

The team also compared the righting movement of the two lizards, which have
similar body sizes but different tail lengths and inertial properties. The
gecko, with its shorter tail, has to swing its tail further to the side to
right itself, making a larger angle relative to its body. By contrast,
relatively smaller movements of the anole tail, which is twice as long, are
enough to reorient its body.

"A comparative approach provides useful insights in the study of
aerial righting responses and could be beneficial to the design of robots that
navigate complex environments," said Ardian Jusufi.

For the study, Jusufi and his colleagues developed a three-dimensional
mathematical model to test their understanding of the lizards' righting
movement.

To further test the mathematical model's predictions the team then built a
simple robot. 'RightingBot' consists of just two parts: a body joined to a
tail. Despite its simple design, RightingBot rights itself in mid-air with a
swing of its tail just like the lizards that inspired it, showing how useful a
tail can be for that purpose.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by Society for Experimental Biology. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120701191641.htm







 of Liberal Arts and Sciences.Note: Materials
may be edited for content and length.










Journal Reference:

1.   
Elizabeth D. Hutchins, Glenn J. Markov, Walter L. Eckalbar, Rajani M.
George, Jesse M. King, Minami A. Tokuyama, Lauren A. Geiger, Nataliya Emmert,
Michael J. Ammar, April N. Allen, Ashley L. Siniard, Jason J. Corneveaux,
Rebecca E. Fisher, Juli Wade, Dale F. DeNardo, J. Alan Rawls, Matthew J.
Huentelman, Jeanne Wilson-Rawls, Kenro Kusumi. Transcriptomic Analysis
of Tail Regeneration in the Lizard Anolis carolinensis Reveals Activation of
Conserved Vertebrate Developmental and Repair Mechanisms. PLoS ONE,
2014; 9 (8): e105004 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0105004

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140820164317.htm

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