Kadal menghadapi kepunahan massal dari perubahan iklim--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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Kadal menghadapi kepunahan massal dari perubahan iklim

Perubahan iklim bisa dilihat dari  puluhan spesies kadal yang menjadi punah dalam 50 tahun ke depan , menurut penelitian baru . Adaptasi evolusioner mode reproduksi spesies kadal tertentu ' bisa dilihat dari  beberapa kepunahan dengan naiknya suhu global....more

Lizards facing mass extinction from
climate change

Date:

March 6, 2013

Source:

University of Lincoln

Summary:

Climate change could see dozens of lizard species becoming extinct within
the next 50 years, according to new research. The often one-directional
evolutionary adaptation of certain lizard species' reproductive modes could see
multiple extinctions as the global temperature increases.

....................

Climate change could see dozens of lizard species becoming extinct within
the next 50 years, according to new research published today. The often
one-directional evolutionary adaptation of certain lizard species' reproductive
modes could see multiple extinctions as the global temperature increases.

Globally it has been observed that lizards with viviparous reproduction
(retention of embryos within the mother's body) are being threatened by
changing weather patterns. A new study suggests that the evolution of this mode
of reproduction, which is thought to be a key successful adaptation, could, in
fact, be the species' downfall under global warming.

Dr Daniel Pincheira-Donoso, from the School of Life Sciences at the
University of Lincoln (UK), is the lead author of the paper detailing these
amazing predictions, published today in the scientific journal Global
Ecology and Biogeography.

Researchers, including academics from the University of Exeter,
investigated the hypothesis that historical invasions of cold climates by
Liolaemus lizards -- one of the most diverse groups of vertebrates on earth --
have only been possible due to their evolution to viviparity (live birth) from
oviparity (laying eggs). Remarkably, once these species evolve viviparity, the
process is mostly irreversible and they remain restricted to such cold
climates.

By analysing this evolutionary transition in the lizards' reproductive
modes and projecting the future impact of climate change, the scientists
discovered that increasing temperatures in the species' historically cold
habitats would result in their areas of distribution being significantly
reduced. As a consequence, if global warming continues at the same rate,
viviparous lizards are facing extinction in the next few decades.

Dr Daniel Pincheira-Donoso is one of the few people in the world who works
on the ecology and evolution of these lizard species. He said: "Lizards'
reproduction is largely linked to climatic temperatures and viviparous species
are usually found in cold environments. When reptiles initially moved to colder
areas they needed to evolve emergency measures to succeed in these harsh
places, and we believe viviparity is one of these key measures. However, this
transition is mostly one-directional and unlikely to be reversed. Rapid changes
in the environment's temperature would demand rapid re-adaptations to secure
the species' survival. Through the research we found that over the next 50
years nearly half of the area where these species occur may disappear, causing
multiple extinctions due to climate change."

Overall the conclusion is that although viviparity allowed lizards in the
past to invade and adapt to live in cold environments, and was therefore a key
trait for evolutionary success, it will now ultimately lead to multiple events
of extinction.

Dr Pincheira-Donoso said: "These lizards are one of the most diverse
groups of animals, and are able to adapt to remarkably diverse conditions.
Unfortunately, a reduction in cold environments will reduce their areas of
existence, which means that their successful evolutionary history may turn into
a double-edged sword of adaptation. Their extinctions would be an atrocious
loss to biodiversity."

Dr Dave Hodgson, from the University of Exeter, said: "Climate change
must not be underestimated as a threat to modern patterns of biodiversity. Our
work shows that lizard species which birth live young instead of laying eggs
are restricted to cold climates in South America: high in the Andes or towards
the South Pole. As the climate warms, we predict that these special lizard
species will be forced to move upwards and towards the pole, with an increased
risk of extinction."

The work formed part of Dr Pincheira-Donoso's post-doctoral work, which was
funded by the Leverhulme Trust.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by University
of Lincoln. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Pincheira-Donoso, D., Tregenza, T., Witt, M.J. & Hodgson, D.J. The
evolution of viviparity opens opportunities for a lizard radiation but drives
it into a climatic cul-de-sac. Global Ecology and Biogeography,
2013

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130305200306.htm

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