Lalu lintas di sekitar Mars akan sibuk--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

SILAHKAN MENGGUNAKAN " MESIN TRANSLATE "..GOOGLE TRANSLATE
DISAMPING KANAN INI.............

PLEASE USE ........ "TRANSLATE MACHINE" .. GOOGLE TRANSLATE BESIDE RIGHT THIS

.................


T-REC -TUGUMUDA REPTILES COMMUNITY-INDONESIA


More info :
www.trecsemarang2011.blogspot.com
minat gabung : ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
08995557626
..................................
KSE – KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK – EXOTIC PETS COMMUNITY-- INDONESIA
Visit Our Community and Joint W/ Us....Welcome All Over The World
www.facebook.com/groups/komunitassatwaeksotik/
 KSE = KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK

MENGATASI KENDALA MINAT DAN JARAK

KAMI ADA DI TIAP KOTA DI INDONESIA
DETAIL TENTANG KSE-----KLIK : www.komunitassatwaeksotik-pendaftaran.blogspot.com

GABUNG......... ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
HUBUNGI   :  089617123865

.........................

Lalu lintas di sekitar Mars akan sibuk

NASA telah tingkatkan proses pemantauan lalu lintas , komunikasi dan perencanaan manuver untuk memastikan bahwa pengorbit Mars tidak saling mendekati dengan terlalu dekat . Selain itu tahun lalu dua pesawat ruang angkasa yang mengorbit Mars baru membawa sensus pengorbit Mars ....more

Traffic around Mars gets busy

Date:

May 5, 2015

Source:

NASA

Summary:

NASA has beefed up a process of traffic monitoring, communication and
maneuver planning to ensure that Mars orbiters do not approach each other too
closely. Last year's addition of two new spacecraft orbiting Mars brought the
census of active Mars orbiters to five, the most ever.

.....................

NASA has beefed up a process of traffic monitoring, communication and
maneuver planning to ensure that Mars orbiters do not approach each other too
closely.

Last year's addition of two new spacecraft orbiting Mars brought the census
of active Mars orbiters to five, the most ever. NASA's Mars Atmosphere and
Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and India's Mars Orbiter Mission joined the 2003
Mars Express from ESA (the European Space Agency) and two from NASA: the 2001
Mars Odyssey and the 2006 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The newly enhanced
collision-avoidance process also tracks the approximate location of NASA's Mars
Global Surveyor, a 1997 orbiter that is no longer working.

It's not just the total number that matters, but also the types of orbits
missions use for achieving their science goals. MAVEN, which reached Mars on
Sept. 21, 2014, studies the upper atmosphere. It flies an elongated orbit,
sometimes farther from Mars than NASA's other orbiters and sometimes closer to
Mars, so it crosses altitudes occupied by those orbiters. For safety, NASA also
monitors positions of ESA's and India's orbiters, which both fly elongated
orbits.

"Previously, collision avoidance was coordinated between the Odyssey
and MRO navigation teams," said Robert Shotwell, Mars Program chief
engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California. "There
was less of a possibility of an issue. MAVEN's highly elliptical orbit,
crossing the altitudes of other orbits, changes the probability that someone
will need to do a collision-avoidance maneuver. We track all the orbiters much
more closely now. There's still a low probability of needing a maneuver, but it's
something we need to manage."

Traffic management at Mars is much less complex than in Earth orbit, where
more than 1,000 active orbiters plus additional pieces of inactive hardware add
to hazards. As Mars exploration intensifies, though, and will continue to do so
with future missions, precautions are increasing. The new process was
established to manage this growth as new members are added to the Mars orbital
community in years to come.

All five active Mars orbiters use the communication and tracking services
of NASA's Deep Space Network, which is managed at JPL. This brings trajectory
information together, and engineers can run computer projections of future
trajectories out to a few weeks ahead for comparisons.

"It's a monitoring function to anticipate when traffic will get
heavy," said Joseph Guinn, manager of JPL's Mission Design and Navigation
Section. "When two spacecraft are predicted to come too close to one
another, we give people a heads-up in advance so the project teams can start coordinating
about whether any maneuvers are needed."

The amount of uncertainty in the predicted location of a Mars orbiter a few
days ahead is more than a mile (more than two kilometers). Calculating
projections for weeks ahead multiplies the uncertainty to dozens of miles, or
kilometers. In most cases when a collision cannot be ruled out from projections
two weeks ahead, improved precision in the forecasting as the date gets closer
will rule out a collision with no need for avoidance action. Mission teams for
the relevant orbiters are notified in advance when projections indicate a
collision is possible, even if the possibility will likely disappear in
subsequent projections. This situation occurred on New Year's weekend, 2015.

On Jan. 3, automated monitoring determined that two weeks later, MAVEN and
MRO could come within about two miles (three kilometers) of each other, with
large uncertainties remaining in the exact passing distance. Although that was
a Saturday, automatic messages went out to the teams operating the orbiters.

"In this case, before the timeline got short enough to need to plan an
avoidance maneuver, the uncertainties shrank, and that ruled out the chance of
the two spacecraft coming too near each other," Guinn said. This is
expected to be the usual pattern, with the advance warning kicking off
higher-level monitoring and initial discussions about options.

If preparations for an avoidance maneuver were called for, spacecraft
commands would be written, tested and approved for readiness, but such commands
would not be sent to a spacecraft unless projections a day or two ahead showed
probability of a hazardous conjunction. The amount of uncertainty about each
spacecraft's exact location varies, so the proximity considered unsafe also
varies. For some situations, a day-ahead projection of two craft coming within
about 100 yards (100 meters) of each other could trigger a maneuver.

The new formal collision-avoidance process for Mars is part of NASA's
Multi-Mission Automated Deep-Space Conjunction Assessment Process. A side
benefit of it is that information about when two orbiters will be near each
other -- though safely apart -- could be used for planning coordinated science
observations. The pair could look at some part of Mars or its atmosphere from
essentially the same point of view simultaneously with complementary
instruments.

Odyssey, MRO and MAVEN -- together with NASA's two active Mars rovers,
Opportunity and Curiosity -- are part of NASA's robotic exploration of Mars
that is preparing the way for human-crewed missions there in the 2030s and
later, in NASA's Journey to Mars strategy.

NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center manages the MAVEN project for the NASA
Science Mission Directorate, Washington. MAVEN's principal investigator is
based at the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space
Physics. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,
manages NASA's Mars Exploration Program and the Odyssey and MRO projects for
the Science Mission Directorate. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built
all three NASA Mars orbiters.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by NASA. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150505160224.htm

Share this: