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Otak remaja obesitas ' biasanya  rentan terhadap iklan makanan 

Date:

May 21, 2015

Source:

Dartmouth College

Summary:

Iklan makanan TV proporsional merangsang otak remaja  yang kelebihan berat badan , termasuk daerah yang mengontrol kesenangan , rasa dan - yang paling mengejutkan - mulut , menunjukkan mereka secara mental mensimulasikan kebiasaan makan yang tidak sehat yang membuat sulit untuk menurunkan berat badan di kemudian hari .....read more

Obese teens' brains unusually
susceptible to food commercials, study finds

Date:

May 21, 2015

Source:

Dartmouth College

Summary:

TV food commercials disproportionately stimulate the brains of overweight
teenagers, including the regions that control pleasure, taste and -- most
surprisingly -- the mouth, suggesting they mentally simulate unhealthy eating
habits that make it difficult to lose weight later in life.

......................

A Dartmouth study finds that TV food commercials disproportionately
stimulate the brains of overweight teen-agers, including the regions that
control pleasure, taste and -- most surprisingly -- the mouth, suggesting they
mentally simulate unhealthy eating habits.

The findings suggest such habits may make it difficult to lose weight later
in life, and that dieting efforts should not only target the initial desire to
eat tempting food, but the subsequent thinking about actually tasting and
eating it -- in other words, you should picture yourself munching a salad
rather than a cheeseburger.

The study appears in the journal Cerebral Cortex. The study
included researchers from Dartmouth College's Department of Psychological and
Brain Sciences and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock
Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.

The prevalence of food advertising and adolescent obesity has increased
dramatically over the past 30 years, and research has linked the number of
television shows viewed during childhood with greater risk for obesity. In
particular, considerable evidence suggests that exposure to food marketing
promotes eating habits that contribute to obesity.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the Dartmouth researchers
examined brain responses to two dozen fast food commercials and non-food
commercials in overweight and healthy-weight adolescents ages 12-16. The
commercials were embedded within an age-appropriate show, "The Big Bang
Theory," so the participants were unaware of the study's purpose.

The results show that in all the adolescents, the brain regions involved in
attention and focus (occipital lobe, precuneus, superior temporal gyri and
right insula) and in processing rewards (nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal
cortex) were more strongly active while viewing food commercials than non-food
commercials. Also, adolescents with higher body fat showed greater
reward-related activity than healthy weight teens in the orbitofrontal cortex
and in regions associated with taste perception. The most surprising finding
was that the food commercials also activated the overweight adolescents' brain
region that controls their mouths. This region is part of the larger sensory
system that is important for observational learning.

"This finding suggests the intriguing possibility that overweight
adolescents mentally simulate eating while watching food commercials,"
says lead author Kristina Rapuano, a graduate student in Dartmouth's Brain
Imaging Lab. "These brain responses may demonstrate one factor whereby
unhealthy eating behaviors become reinforced and turned into habits that
potentially hamper a person's ability lose weight later in life."

Although previous studies have shown heightened brain reward responses to
viewing appetizing food in general, the Dartmouth study is one of the first to
extend this relationship to real world food cues -- for example, TV commercials
for McDonald's and Burger King -- that adolescents encounter regularly. The
brain's reward circuitry involves the release of dopamine and other
neurotransmitter chemicals that give pleasure and may lead to addictive
behavior.

Children and adolescents see an average of 13 food commercials per day, so
it isn't surprising they show a strong reward response to food commercials. But
the new findings that these heightened reward responses are coupled with bodily
movements that indicate simulated eating offer a clue into a potential
mechanism on how unhealthy eating habits are developed.

"Unhealthy eating is thought to involve both an initial desire to eat
a tempting food, such as a piece of cake, and a motor plan to enact the
behavior, or eating it," Rapuano says. "Diet intervention strategies
largely focus on minimizing or inhibiting the desire to eat the tempting food,
with the logic being that if one does not desire, then one won't enact. Our
findings suggest a second point of intervention may be the somatomotor
simulation of eating behavior that follows from the desire to eat.
Interventions that target this system, either to minimize the simulation of
unhealthy eating or to promote the simulation of healthy eating, may ultimately
prove to be more useful than trying to suppress the desire to eat."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by Dartmouth College. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
K. M. Rapuano, J. F. Huckins, J. D. Sargent, T. F. Heatherton, W. M.
Kelley. Individual Differences in Reward and Somatosensory-Motor Brain
Regions Correlate with Adiposity in Adolescents. Cerebral Cortex,
2015; DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv097

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150521144100.htm

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