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Para ilmuwan menemukan jenis virus baru  yang bertanggung jawab untuk penyakit yang merusak di ular

Sebuah kondisi misterius yang disebut penyakit tubuh inklusi menyerang constrictors boa dan python , menyebabkan perubahan perilaku aneh dan akhirnya mati . Para ilmuwan melaporkan mereka mungkin telah menemukan sebuah virus yang bertanggung jawab ...read more

Scientists discover new type of virus
responsible for a devastating disease in snakes

Date:

August 14, 2012

Source:

American Society for Microbiology

Summary:

A mysterious condition called inclusion body disease strikes captive boa
constrictors and pythons, causing bizarre behavioral changes and eventually
death. Scientists report they may well have found a virus that is responsible
for this common but deadly disease, a discovery that could eventually lead to
prevention and treatment options.

........................

A mysterious condition called Inclusion Body Disease (IBD) strikes captive
boa constrictors and pythons, causing bizarre behavioral changes and eventually
death. Scientists investigating an outbreak of IBD among snakes at the
Steinhart Aquarium in San Francisco report they may well have found a virus
that is responsible for this common but deadly disease, a discovery that could
eventually lead to prevention and treatment options. The study appears in the
August 14 issue of mBio®, the online
open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology. The authors
report that the virus represents a whole new class of arenaviruses scientists
have never seen before.

Among captive boas, IBD is the most commonly diagnosed disease that is thought
to be caused by a virus. Snakes that have contracted IBD may initially
regurgitate food, but they eventually show dramatic neurological problems, says
Michael Buchmeier, a professor of infectious diseases at the University of
California, Irvine. Neurological signs include "stargazing," in which
the snake stares upwards for long periods of time.

"Some of the symptoms are pretty bizarre -- this stargazing behavior,
looking like they're drunk, they tie themselves in a knot and they can't get
out of it," says Buchmeier. The condition, which is named for the
inclusions, or pockets of foreign material, found inside the cells of affected
animals, is ultimately fatal. IBD is devastating for large aquariums, as it can
infect a large number of snakes before it is identified and quarantine measures
can be put in place. Since there is currently no treatment for the disease,
infected snakes must be euthanized to prevent them from infecting other
animals.

When the disease recently struck a number of boas and pythons at the
Steinhart Aquarium at the California Academy of Sciences, the aquarium
requested help from scientists at the University of California San Francisco
who specialize in discovering novel viruses.

The researchers extracted DNA from tissue samples taken from boas and
pythons diagnosed with IBD, and used rapid, high-throughput techniques to learn
the sequence of those strands of DNA. In amongst all the snake DNA sequences
there were sequences of DNA that clearly belonged to viruses -- viruses that
are members of the arenavirus family. The authors were later able to grow and
isolate one of those viruses using snake tissues cultured in the laboratory.

While it is an important development from a practical standpoint, since
identifying the causative agent for a disease is the first step in developing
treatments, vaccines, diagnostics, and prevention policies it is also an
incredible discovery for virology: the virus belongs to a group of viruses no
one knew existed.

"This is one of the most exciting things that has happened to us in
virology in a very long time. The fact that we have apparently identified a
whole new lineage of arenaviruses that may predate the New and Old world is
very exciting," says Buchmeier.

According to Buchmeier, this new isolate doesn't fall neatly into either of
the two known categories of arenaviruses, Old World arenaviruses and New World
arenaviruses. The fact that the virus was found in snakes adds another surprise
twist, since up until now arenaviruses had only ever been found in mammals.

Metagenomic techniques that examine large samples of DNA for small bits of
information, like the approach used in the study, are extremely powerful for
identifying new viruses, Buchmeier says.

"Twenty years ago we would have called this a fishing expedition. It
is fishing, but the techniques are so good and so sensitive that they allow us
to determine which new types are there," says Buchmeier.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by American Society for Microbiology. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Mark D. Stenglein, Chris Sanders, Amy L. Kistler, J. Graham Ruby, Jessica
Y. Franco, Drury R. Reavill, Freeland Dunker, and Joseph L. DeRisi. Identification,
Characterization, and In Vitro Culture of Highly Divergent Arenaviruses from
Boa Constrictors and Annulated Tree Boas: Candidate Etiological Agents for
Snake Inclusion Body Disease. mBio, July/August 2012 DOI:10.1128/mBio.00180-12

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120814085533.htm

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