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Para peneliti menghasilkan senyawa bahan bakar jet dari jamur

Para peneliti telah menemukan cara untuk membuat bahan bakar jet dari jamur hitam yang umum ditemukan di pembukusan  daun , tanah dan  buah . Para peneliti berharap proses  yang mengarah ke produksi ekonomis biofuel penerbangan di lima tahun ke depan ....more

Researchers produce jet fuel compounds
from fungus

Date:

May 5, 2015

Source:

Washington State University

Summary:

Researchers have found a way to make jet fuel from a common black fungus
found in decaying leaves, soil and rotting fruit. The researchers hope the
process leads to economically viable production of aviation biofuels in the
next five years.

........................

Washington State University researchers have found a way to make jet fuel
from a common black fungus found in decaying leaves, soil and rotting fruit.
The researchers hope the process leads to economically viable production of
aviation biofuels in the next five years.

The researchers used Aspergillus carbonarius ITEM 5010 to
create hydrocarbons, the chief component of petroleum, similar to those in
aviation fuels.

Led by Birgitte Ahring, director and Battelle distinguished professor of
the Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory at WSU Tri-cities, the
researchers published their work in the April edition of Fungal Biology.

The fungus produced the most hydrocarbons on a diet of oatmeal but also
created them by eating wheat straw or the non-edible leftovers from corn
production. Fungi have been of interest for about a decade within biofuels
production as the key producer of enzymes necessary for converting biomass to
sugars. Some researchers further showed that fungi could create hydrocarbons,
but the research was limited to a specific fungus living within a specific tree
in the rainforest, and the actual hydrocarbon concentrations were not reported.

Ahring's group has previously been successful in using standard Aspergillus
fungi to produce enzymes and other useful products, which have been patented
and are under commercialization, so they decided to look into A.
carbonariusITEM 5010's potential for biofuels.

Fungi are complex microorganisms and are not always easy to work with,
Ahring said. They have a complex biology that is often poorly understood.

"Not many people in this world actually do this,'' she said. "The
molecular biology piece of it is complicated.''

The researchers were assisted by Kenneth Bruno, a researcher at the U.S.
Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, who developed a
method essential for the genetic manipulation of A. carbonarius. The
research received funding from the Danish Council for Strategic Research under
the program for Energy and Environment.

Using fungi for hydrocarbon and biofuels production is better than other
methods because they do the work themselves, bypassing multiple complicated
chemical processes required by other biofuel production methods. Fungi also
have great potential to create the fuel at low cost, Ahring said.

She suspects the fungi produce hydrocarbons, large compounds that are
costly for the organism to produce, as a protective mechanism. Her group showed
that fungi react to bacterial attacks by increasing their hydrocarbon
production.

The researchers are now working to optimize the fungi's hydrocarbon
production and improve biochemical pathways through genetic engineering. They
have obtained mutants with a higher production level and are working on
improving these strains by using gene coding for specific hydrocarbons out of
blue green bacteria and algae.

It's the same challenge faced by mold researchers, more than a generation
ago, who found they could only produce a tiny amount of their product, Ahring
said. Eventually, they optimized production of their product, which became
known as antibiotics.

"It's very promising,'' she said. "I think that the fungus-based
fuels are something that is going to happen. It's a tremendous opportunity. ''










Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided byWashington
State University. The original article was written by Tina Hilding. Note: Materials
may be edited for content and length.










Journal Reference:

1.   
Malavika Sinha, Annette Sørensen, Aftab Ahamed, Birgitte Kiær Ahring. Production
of hydrocarbons by Aspergillus carbonarius ITEM 5010. Fungal
Biology, 2015; 119 (4): 274 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.01.001

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150505182628.htm

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