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polusi udara partikulat terkait dengan risiko autisme di masa kanak-kanak

Date:

May 21, 2015

Source:

University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences

Summary:

Paparan polusi udara partikulat halus selama kehamilan melalui dua tahun pertama kehidupan anak mungkin terkait dengan peningkatan pengembangan risiko anak gangguan spektrum autisme , suatu kondisi yang mempengaruhi satu dari 68 anak-anak , menurut penyelidikan dari anak-anak di barat daya Pennsylvania .....read more

Fine particulate air pollution linked to
risk of childhood autism

Date:

May 21, 2015

Source:

University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences

Summary:

Exposure to fine particulate air pollution during pregnancy through the
first two years of the child's life may be associated with an increased risk of
a child developing autism spectrum disorder, a condition that affects one in 68
children, according to an investigation of children in southwestern
Pennsylvania.

......................

Exposure to fine particulate air pollution during pregnancy through the
first two years of a child's life may be associated with an increased risk of
the child developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition that affects
one in 68 children, according to a University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of
Public Health investigation of children in southwestern Pennsylvania.

The research is funded by The Heinz Endowments and published in the July
edition of Environmental Research.

"Autism spectrum disorders are lifelong conditions for which there is
no cure and limited treatment options, so there is an urgent need to identify
any risk factors that we could mitigate, such as pollution," said lead
author Evelyn Talbott, Dr.P.H., professor of epidemiology at Pitt Public Health.
"Our findings reflect an association, but do not prove causality. Further
investigation is needed to determine possible biological mechanisms for such an
association."

Dr. Talbott and her colleagues performed a population-based, case-control
study of families with and without ASD living in six southwestern Pennsylvania
counties. They obtained detailed information about where the mothers lived
before, during and after pregnancy and, using a model developed by Pitt Public
Health assistant professor and study co-author Jane Clougherty, Sc.D., were
able to estimate individual exposure to a type of air pollution called PM2.5.

This type of pollution refers to particles found in the air that are less
than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, or 1/30th the average width of a human hair.
PM2.5 includes dust, dirt, soot and smoke. Because of its small size, PM2.5 can
reach deeply into the lungs and get into the blood stream. Southwestern
Pennsylvania has consistently ranked among the nation's worst regions for PM2.5
levels, according to data collected by the American Lung Association.

"There is increasing and compelling evidence that points to
associations between Pittsburgh's poor air quality and health problems,
especially those affecting our children and including issues such as autism
spectrum disorder and asthma," said Grant Oliphant, president of The Heinz
Endowments. "While we recognize that further study is needed, we must
remain vigilant about the need to improve our air quality and to protect the
vulnerable. Our community deserves a healthy environment and clean air."

Autism spectrum disorders are a range of conditions characterized by social
deficits and communication difficulties that typically become apparent early in
childhood. Reported cases of ASD have risen nearly eight-fold in the last two
decades. While previous studies have shown the increase to be partially due to
changes in diagnostic practices and greater public awareness of autism, this
does not fully explain the increased prevalence. Both genetic and environmental
factors are believed to be responsible.

Dr. Talbott and her team interviewed the families of 211 children with ASD
and 219 children without ASD born between 2005 and 2009. The families lived in
Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Washington and Westmoreland counties.
Estimated average exposure to PM2.5 before, during and after pregnancy was
compared between children with and without ASD.

Based on the child's exposure to concentrations of PM2.5 during the
mother's pregnancy and the first two years of life, the Pitt Public Health team
found that children who fell into higher exposure groups were at an approximate
1.5-fold greater risk of ASD after accounting for other factors associated with
the child's risk for ASD -- such as the mother's age, education and smoking
during pregnancy. This risk estimate is in agreement with several other recent
investigations of PM2.5 and autism.

A previous Pitt Public Health analysis of the study population revealed an
association between ASD and increased levels of air toxics, including chromium
and styrene. Studies by other institutions using different populations also
have associated pollutants with ASD.

"Air pollution levels have been declining since the 1990s; however, we
know that pockets of increased levels of air pollution remain throughout our
region and other areas," said Dr. Talbott. "Our study builds on
previous work in other regions showing that pollution exposures may be involved
in ASD. Going forward, I would like to see studies that explore the biological
mechanisms that may underlie this association."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Evelyn O. Talbott, Vincent C. Arena, Judith R. Rager, Jane E. Clougherty,
Drew R. Michanowicz, Ravi K. Sharma, Shaina L. Stacy. Fine particulate
matter and the risk of autism spectrum disorder. Environmental
Research, 2015; 140: 414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.021

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150521121049.htm

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