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Para peneliti merangsang amigdala manusia untuk mendapatkan informasi kunci dalam kematian epilepsy tak terduga tiba-tiba 

Date:

July 15, 2015

Source:

University of Iowa Health Care

Summary:

Para peneliti telah mengidentifikasi area otak manusia di mana pernapasan dikendalikan dan , dalam beberapa kasus , gangguan . Kematian epilepsy tak terduga tiba-tiba  menjadi semakin diakui sebagai masalah yang sangat nyata dan dahsyat di mana gangguan pernapasan diduga memainkan peran penting . Para peneliti percaya pernapasan dapat terganggu selama dan setelah kejang , tanpa sepengetahuan pasien .

......... Dengan menggunakan stimulasi listrik untuk mengaktifkan amigdala , sekelompok peneliti dari University of Iowa telah mengidentifikasi area otak manusia di mana pernapasan dikendalikan dan , dalam beberapa kasus , gangguan , memberikan pemahaman penting SUDEP ......more

Researchers stimulate human amygdala to gain key insight into sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

Study is first time human amygdala has been stimulated, breathing loss recorded

Date:

July 15, 2015

Source:

University of Iowa Health Care

Summary:

Researchers have identified areas of the human brain in which breathing is controlled and, in some cases, impaired. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is becoming increasingly recognized as a very real and devastating problem in which impaired breathing is thought to play a critical role. Researchers believe breathing may be impaired during and after seizures, without the patient's knowledge.

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Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is becoming increasingly recognized as a very real and devastating problem in which impaired breathing is thought to play a critical role. Researchers believe breathing may be impaired during and after seizures, without the patient's knowledge.

By using electrical stimulation to activate the amygdala, a group of University of Iowa researchers has identified areas of the human brain in which breathing is controlled and, in some cases, impaired, providing an important insight into SUDEP.

Their study - which marks the first time researchers have stimulated the amygdala in humans and reported loss of breathing - is published in the July 15 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience.

Using a research participant with medically intractable epilepsy - epilepsy which can't be well-controlled with two or more medications - whose brain was already being monitored to map the focus of seizures, researchers found that when seizures spread to the amygdala, the patient stopped breathing. That effect could be reproduced by electrically stimulating the amygdala. Strikingly, the patient wasn't aware he wasn't breathing even though he was wide awake at the time. This finding was reproduced in two other human subjects.

"Amazingly, the patient was completely unaware that he had stopped breathing," says Brian Dlouhy, M.D., assistant professor of neurosurgery at UI Carver College of Medicine and lead author of the study. "It was remarkable to all of us that one of the essentials of life - breathing - could be inhibited and the patients themselves were completely unaware of this."

"The patient just sat there, unconcerned that he was not breathing," says John Wemmie, M.D., Ph.D., professor of psychiatry, molecular physiology and biophysics, and neurosurgery at the UI Carver College of medicine, and an author of the paper. "If we asked him to hold his breath for the same duration of time, it was difficult for him and he could barely do it. But when the amygdala was stimulated, he didn't even notice that his breathing had stopped."

Dr. George Richerson, M.D., Ph.D., professor and chairman of neurology, and professor of molecular physiology and biophysics, and neurosurgery at the UI Carver College of Medicine, also an author on the paper, says, "These findings provide an explanation for why SUDEP occurs after seizures, because patients would stop breathing but be completely unaware that their blood oxygen levels are progressively dropping to fatally low levels. The lack of awareness would prevent activation of the reflex that is needed to restore oxygen levels back to normal."

The team's findings may be key in helping to decrease instances of SUDEP, Dlouhy says.

"Identifying brain areas where seizure spread interferes with breathing may help identify patients at risk for SUDEP and lead to preventive strategies," he says.

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Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity of Iowa Health Care. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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Journal Reference:

1.    B. J. Dlouhy, B. K. Gehlbach, C. J. Kreple, H. Kawasaki, H. Oya, C. Buzza, M. A. Granner, M. J. Welsh, M. A. Howard, J. A. Wemmie, G. B. Richerson. Breathing Inhibited When Seizures Spread to the Amygdala and upon Amygdala Stimulation. Journal of Neuroscience, 2015; 35 (28): 10281 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0888-15.2015

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150715183301.htm

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