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Rincian Evolusi tulang telinga nenek moyang mamalia kita

Studi baru menunjukkan bagaimana stapes yang berbeda terdapat di spesies

Date:

July 15, 2015

Source:

University of the Witwatersrand

Summary:

analisis rinci dan komprehensif  yang pertama pada tulang telinga Trias cynodont telah selesai, dan para peneliti telah menemukan beberapa variasi terlihat dalam morfologi tulang ini - bahkan di antara hewan dari spesies yang sama 

......... Sekarang , Dr Leandro Gaetano dan Profesor Fernando Abdala dari Universitas Witwatersrand di Studi Evolusi Institute ( ESI ) telah menyelesaikan  analisis rinci dan komprehensif pertama pada tulang telinga Trias cynodont , dan telah menemukan beberapa variasi terlihat dalam morfologi tulang ini - bahkan di antara hewan dari spesies yang sama .....more

Evolution of our
mammalian ancestor's ear bone detailed

New study shows how different stapes can be in species

Date:

July 15, 2015

Source:

University of the Witwatersrand

Summary:

The first detailed and comprehensive analysis on the ear bone of Triassic cynodonts
has completed, and researchers have found some noticeable variations in the
morphology of this bone -- even among animals of the same species.

........................

It has long been believed that the hearing bone called stapes, one of the
smallest bones in ancestor of mammals, shows no differences between species.

Now, Dr Leandro Gaetano and Professor Fernando Abdala from the University
of the Witwatersrand's Evolutionary Studies Institute (ESI) have completed the
first detailed and comprehensive analysis on the ear bone of Triassic
cynodonts, and have found some noticeable variations in the morphology of this
bone -- even among animals of the same species.

"No one has really paid attention to this small bone before. In
studying in this ear bone of Triassic cynodonts -- the forerunners of mammals,
including humans -- the past two years we now start to see these
differences," says Gaetano.

Results from this study, which is only the first part of a more inclusive
research project, will appear in a paper, titled: The stapes of gomphodont
cynodonts: insights into the middle ear structure of non-mammaliaform
cynodonts, in the journal, PLOS ONE.

The only ear bone in mammalian ancestors, the stapes -- or stirrup in
Latin, to which this bone is most similar in humans -- has been recorded in
many Triassic cynodonts (220 -- 250 million years ago).

The stapes is a rectangular bone with a hole in the middle surrounded by
anterior and posterior bone columns. It is the only bone of the middle ear and
allowed for the transmission of the sound waves from the eardrum to the inner
ear.

"Few contributions studied the stapes in cynodonts and it has been
historically regarded as a conservative element, showing no differences among
species. Surprisingly, we discovered that there are noticeable variations in
the morphology of this bone, even within representatives of the same
species," says Gaetano.

One of the major unsolved issues regarding the ear of cynodonts has to do
with the eardrum position and characteristics, for which three competing main
theories have been proposed. "The cynodont stapes suggests that the sound
waves in these animals were transmitted to the inner ear from an eardrum at the
posterior part of the lower jaw through the stapes and the quadrate bones,"
says Abdala.

He adds that their research are ongoing as they do not know yet whether the
differences also imply different hearing capabilities as well and their more
in-depth research will focus on how this bone changes from the youngest to the
oldest animal in one species.

Gaetano and Abdala's contribution results in a better understanding of the
auditory system in basal cynodonts and its evolution, highlighting the
variability of the middle ear bone anatomy. They are currently studying the
change in this bone during growth in a South African Triassic cynodont.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity
of the Witwatersrand. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Leandro C. Gaetano, Fernando Abdala. The Stapes of Gomphodont
Cynodonts: Insights into the Middle Ear Structure of Non-Mammaliaform Cynodonts. PLOS
ONE, 2015; 10 (7): e0131174 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0131174

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150715155325.htm

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