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Studi menemukan, Bahan kimia umum dapat bertindak bersama untuk meningkatkan risiko kanker.

Date:

July 21, 2015

Source:

Oregon State University

Summary:

Bahan kimia lingkungan umum diasumsikan aman pada dosis rendah dapat bertindak secara terpisah atau bersama-sama untuk mengganggu jaringan manusia dengan cara yang akhirnya menyebabkan kanker, laporan satuan tugas .

............. Dalam investigasi hampir tiga tahun dari pengetahuan tentang kanker mempengaruhi lingkungan , para ilmuwan mempelajari efek dosis rendah dari 85 bahan kimia yang umum yang tidak dianggap karsinogenik bagi manusia .,,,more

Common chemicals
may act together to increase cancer risk, study finds

Date:

July 21, 2015

Source:

Oregon State University

Summary:

Common environmental chemicals assumed to be safe at low doses may act
separately or together to disrupt human tissues in ways that eventually lead to
cancer, a task force reports.

.......................

Common environmental chemicals assumed to be safe at low doses may act
separately or together to disrupt human tissues in ways that eventually lead to
cancer, according to a task force of nearly 200 scientists from 28 countries,
including one from Oregon State University.

In a nearly three-year investigation of the state of knowledge about
environmentally influenced cancers, the scientists studied low-dose effects of
85 common chemicals not considered to be carcinogenic to humans.

The researchers reviewed the actions of these chemicals against a long list
of mechanisms that are important for cancer development. Drawing on hundreds of
laboratory studies, large databases of cancer information, and models that
predict cancer development, they compared the chemicals' biological activity
patterns to 11 known cancer "hallmarks" -- distinctive patterns of
cellular and genetic disruption associated with early development of tumors.

The chemicals included bisphenol A (BPA), used in plastic food and beverage
containers; rotenone, a broad-spectrum insecticide; paraquat, an agricultural
herbicide; and triclosan, an antibacterial agent used in soaps and cosmetics.

In their survey, the researchers learned that 50 of the 85 chemicals had
been shown to disrupt functioning of cells in ways that correlated with known
early patterns of cancer, even at the low, presumably benign levels at which
most people are exposed.

For 13 of them, the researchers found evidence of a dose-response threshold
-- a level of exposure at which a chemical is considered toxic by regulators.
For 22, there was no toxicity information at all.

"Our findings also suggest these molecules may be acting in synergy to
increase cancer activity," said William Bisson, an assistant professor and
cancer researcher at OSU and a team leader on the study. "For example,
EDTA, a metal-ion-binding compound used in manufacturing and medicine,
interferes with the body's repair of damaged genes.

"EDTA doesn't cause genetic mutations itself," said Bisson,
"but if you're exposed to it along with some substance that is mutagenic,
it enhances the effect because it disrupts DNA repair, a key layer of cancer
defense."

Bisson said the main purpose of this study was to highlight gaps in
knowledge of environmentally influenced cancers and to set forth a research
agenda for the next few years. He added that more research is still necessary
to assess early exposure and to understand early stages of cancer development.

The study is part of the Halifax Project, sponsored by the Canadian
nonprofit organization Getting to Know Cancer. The organization's mission is to
advance scientific knowledge about cancer linked to environmental exposures.
The team's findings are published in a series of papers in a special issue of
the journal Carcinogenesis.

Bisson is an expert on computational chemical genomics -- the modeling of
biochemical molecular interactions in cancer processes -- in OSU's College of
Agricultural Sciences. For this study, he worked on the teams that investigated
how cancers overpower the host's immune system, trigger chronic inflammatory
processes, and interact with the adjacent microenvironment.

He also led the project's cross-validation effort, which combed the cancer
literature for evidence that a chemical's activity within one hallmark might
promote carcinogenic activity in others.

Traditional risk assessment, Bisson said, has historically focused on a
quest for single chemicals and single modes of action -- approaches that may
underestimate cancer risk. This study takes a different tack, examining the
interplay over time of independent molecular processes triggered by low-dose
exposures to chemicals.

"Cancer is a disease of diseases," said Bisson. "It follows
multi-step development patterns, and in most cases it has a long latency
period. It has to be tackled from an angle that considers the complexity of
these patterns.

"A better understanding of what's driving things to the point where
they get uncontrollable will be key for the development of effective strategies
for prevention and early detection."







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided
by Oregon State University. The original item
was written by Gail Wells.Note: Materials may be edited for content and
length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Zhiwei Hu et al. Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose
exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead. Carcinogenesis,
2015; 36 (Suppl 1): S254 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv039

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150721091751.htm

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