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Atlas genetik pertama kupu-kupu dari Semenanjung Iberia

Date:

August 5, 2015

Source:

Asociación RUVID

Summary:

Atlas pertama keragaman genetik kupu-kupu di Semenanjung Iberia telah diciptakan oleh para peneliti yang telah sekuensing DNA mitokondria dari 228 spesies yang diketahui dan populasi utama kupu-kupu di seluruh semenanjung sejak tahun 2006. Hasilnya adalah sebuah karya yang komprehensif dengan beberapa 3.500 urutan genetik dari semua spesies , yang telah ditambahkan dengan yang sudah ada di seluruh Eropa .

.......... Tim yang dipimpin oleh peneliti Roger Vila telah sekuensing DNA mitokondria dari 228 spesies yang diketahui dan populasi utama kupu-kupu di seluruh semenanjung sejak tahun 2006. Hasilnya adalah sebuah karya yang komprehensif dengan beberapa 3.500 urutan genetik semua spesies , yang telah ditambahkan dengan yang sudah ada di seluruh Eropa . Artikel ini dilengkapi dengan 277 halaman bahan tambahan termasuk gambar dan 80 peta distribusi keturunan .....more

First genetic
atlas of butterflies of the Iberian Peninsula

Date:

August 5, 2015

Source:

Asociación RUVID

Summary:

The first atlas of genetic diversity of butterflies in the Iberian
Peninsula has been created by researchers who have been sequencing the mitochondrial
DNA from 228 known species and main populations of butterflies throughout the
peninsula since 2006. The result is a comprehensive work with some 3,500
genetic sequences of all species, which have been added to those already
existing in the rest of Europe.

...............

Researchers at the Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary
Biology of the University of Valencia Science Park have taken part in the
preparation of the first atlas of genetic diversity of butterflies in the Iberian
Peninsula. The results of this study, led by the Institute of Evolutionary
Biology (CSIC-UPF), have just been published in the journal Scientific Reports, by the Nature publishing group.

The team led by researcher Roger Vila has been sequencing the mitochondrial
DNA from 228 known species and main populations of butterflies throughout the
peninsula since 2006. The result is a comprehensive work with some 3,500
genetic sequences of all species, which have been added to those already
existing in the rest of Europe. The article is complemented by 277 pages of
supplementary materials including images and 80 maps of lineage distribution.

Entomologist-biologist Sergio Montagud, from the Cavanilles Institute, says
that his group is analysing and testing "a very modern tool: using a short
piece of DNA to identify the species. This technique, known as barcoding of
life, is taking great value in current studies of biodiversity." HIDDEN
GENETIC WEALTH"The discovery of this variability in the DNA barcoding
for a group of insects that is so well known, or at least that is what we
thought, has been a great surprise for us," emphasizes Montagud. In short,
"we couldn't imagine that many of the species flying in Europe,
particularly in the Iberian Peninsula, would hide such genetic richness, which
suggests the existence of cryptic species," adds the scientist at the
University Valencia.

Montagud explains that the divergence of these lineages, in many cases,
matches biogeographic patterns, "which reinforces the logic of these
results. And in other cases, cryptic species share the same habitats and sites,
a fact that opens new doors to research into the biological barriers that lie
behind these species."

"We assume that there may be differences in copulatory organs, in reproductive
behaviour or pheromones, or in choosing specific habitats. Thus, the resolution
of these biological patterns requires further study," argues Sergio
Montagud.

IMPROVING CONSERVATION

The findings of this study will be very useful to direct future studies on
diversity of butterflies, ecological interactions between species and to
improve their conservation by prioritising and avoiding mixing of divergent
lineages. "Knowing the exact number of species and differentiating between
them is important to preserve them appropriately," says Roger Vila,
researcher of the Spanish Research Council at the Institute of Evolutionary
Biology.

According to him, it will also allow us to "identify any sample
butterfly through its DNA, either from small parts (legs or wings), eggs and
caterpillars, or even traces of butterflies that have been eaten by other
animals."

28% OF SPECIES REMAIN TO BE DISCOVERED

The comparison between the genetic sequences obtained and the data on
European butterflies already known indicates that there could be up to 28% of
species yet to be discovered. These would have gone unnoticed until now because
it is difficult to distinguish them from others morphologically very similar.
In fact, one of the objectives of the study was to see if there may be yet
unknown species.

These could be, scientists say, cryptic species, i.e., species that are
morphologically very similar and, therefore, were thought to be the same. But
DNA analyses reveal that, in fact, a significant part of the populations have had
a long independent evolutionary history. Put another way, "this implies
that within that 28% of species, there may be others that have gone
unnoticed," says Vila. "Now it is time for the arduous task of
studying each case in detail to see which species are really new and which are
simply subspecies. I don't think they all are, by no means, but I can
anticipate that we have compelling data of some new species," he asserts.

"We see nature with our human eyes and many butterflies that look
alike cannot be told apart because they have distinctive features that are
invisible to us. But DNA analyses can reach a level of differentiation which
was unthinkable a few years ago," according to the researcher of the
Institute of Evolutionary Biology.

BUTTERFLIES REDUCED BY HALF IN TWENTY YEARS

In parallel, there are very clear data showing that butterflies are in
danger, similar to bees. We know that the population of butterflies in Europe
has halved in the last twenty years, "and all this considering that, at
that time, the population must have already been lower than in previous
decades. We are really in a race against time to identify and protect
biodiversity," says Roger Vila.

European butterflies have traditionally been one of the most studied groups
of insects by professionals and amateurs. Since the days of Linnaeus, in the
mid-eighteenth century, many groups of enthusiastic lepidopterists have sought
and described each subspecies, varieties and local forms of butterflies on the
continent. Often, the same varieties have been described by different authors
and, later, have had to be reviewed. "Today it is considered difficult to
find new varieties that have not been described before; however, genetic
analyses show that nearly a third of species still hide unknown diversity,"
insists Montagud.

If this situation is occurring with butterflies, the researcher at the
University of Valencia wonders what might be happening, for example, with less
known or poorly studied groups of arthropods. "We can expect big surprises
with the application of these genetic techniques on groups such as myriapods,
crustaceans, coleoptera, mites, etc., for which existing cryptic diversity can
be enormous. And the situation should reach even greater parameters in fauna as
biodiverse and as little studied as is the case of tropical forests,"
suggests Montagud from the Cavanilles Institute.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byAsociación
RUVID. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Vlad Dincă, Sergio Montagud, Gerard Talavera, Juan Hernández-Roldán, Miguel
L. Munguira, Enrique García-Barros, Paul D. N. Hebert, Roger Vila. DNA
barcode reference library for Iberian butterflies enables a continental-scale
preview of potential cryptic diversity. Scientific Reports,
2015; 5: 12395 DOI:10.1038/srep12395

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150805075548.htm

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