Kimia-hanya Pemrograman ulang sel pengubah sel kulit manusia dan tikus menjadi neuron--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

SILAHKAN MENGGUNAKAN " MESIN TRANSLATE "..GOOGLE TRANSLATE
DISAMPING KANAN INI.............

PLEASE USE ........ "TRANSLATE MACHINE" .. GOOGLE TRANSLATE BESIDE RIGHT THIS

.................


T-REC -TUGUMUDA REPTILES COMMUNITY-INDONESIA


More info :
www.trecsemarang2011.blogspot.com
minat gabung : ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
08995557626
..................................
KSE – KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK – EXOTIC PETS COMMUNITY-- INDONESIA
Visit Our Community and Joint W/ Us....Welcome All Over The World
www.facebook.com/groups/komunitassatwaeksotik/
 KSE = KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK

MENGATASI KENDALA MINAT DAN JARAK

KAMI ADA DI TIAP KOTA DI INDONESIA
DETAIL TENTANG KSE-----KLIK : www.komunitassatwaeksotik-pendaftaran.blogspot.com

GABUNG......... ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
HUBUNGI   :  089617123865-08995557626

.........................

Kimia-hanya Pemrograman ulang sel  pengubah sel kulit manusia dan tikus menjadi neuron

Date:

August 6, 2015

Source:

Cell Press

Summary:

Dua laboratorium di Cina telah secara mandiri berhasil mengubah sel kulit menjadi neuron hanya menggunakan koktail bahan kimia , dengan satu kelompok menggunakan sel manusia dari individu yang sehat dan pasien Alzheimer , dan kelompok lainnya menggunakan sel dari tikus . Kedua penelitian memperkuat gagasan bahwa pendekatan murni kimia adalah cara yang menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan penelitian pemrograman ulang sel 

................... Salah satu tantangan memaksa sel untuk mengubah identitas adalah bahwa sel-sel Anda berakhir dengan mungkin terlihat normal tetapi memiliki kegiatan internal yang berbeda dari membentuk secara alami rekan-rekan mereka  . Dua makalah memberikan bukti bahwa ekspresi gen yang sama , potensial aksi , dan pembentukan sinaps dapat dideteksi dalam neuron transkripsi - faktor diinduksi seperti yang dihasilkan dari koktail bahan kimia . ( Kedua kelompok gunakan campuran tujuh molekul kecil, tapi dengan resep yang berbeda - dijelaskan secara rinci di bagian informasi tambahan dari masing-masing tulisan - . Karena mereka fokus pada spesies yang berbeda ).....more

Chemical-only cell reprogramming transforms human and mouse skin cells into neurons

Date:

August 6, 2015

Source:

Cell Press

Summary:

Two labs in China have independently succeeded in transforming skin cells into neurons using only a cocktail of chemicals, with one group using human cells from healthy individuals and Alzheimer's patients, and the other group using cells from mice. The two studies reinforce the idea that a purely chemical approach is a promising way to scale up cell reprogramming research.

..............

Two labs in China have independently succeeded in transforming skin cells into neurons using only a cocktail of chemicals, with one group using human cells from healthy individuals and Alzheimer's patients, and the other group using cells from mice. The two studies reinforce the idea that a purely chemical approach is a promising way to scale up cell reprogramming research that may avoid the technical challenges and safety concerns associated with the more popular method of using transcription factors. Both papers appear on August 6 in the journalCell Stem Cell.

One of the challenges of forcing cells to change identity is that the cells you end up with may look normal but have different internal activities than their naturally forming counterparts. The two papers provide evidence that similar gene expression, action potentials, and synapse formation can be detected in transcription-factor-induced neurons as those generated from the chemical cocktails. (Both groups used mixtures of seven small molecules, but different recipes--outlined in detail in the supplemental information section of each paper--because they focused on different species.)

"We found that the conversion process induced by our chemical strategy is accompanied by the down-regulation of [skin-cell] specific genes and the increased expression of neuronal transcription factors," said human study co-author Jian Zhao, of the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Tongji University. "By coordinating multiple signaling pathways, these small molecules modulate neuronal transcription factor gene expression and thereby promote the neuronal cell transition." The authors add that the direct conversion bypasses a proliferative intermediate progenitor stage, which circumvents safety issues posed by other reprogramming methods.

Zhao's paper, co-led with cell biologist Gang Pei, also shows that the pure chemical protocol can be used to make neurons from the skins cells of Alzheimer's patients. Most of the work using patient stem cells has been done by using transcription factors--molecules that affect which genes are expressed in a cell--to create induced pluripotent stem cells. Chemical cell reprogramming is seen as an alternative for disease modeling or even potential cell replacement therapy of neurological disorders, but the "proof-of-concept" is still emerging.

"In comparison with using transgenic reprogramming factors, the small molecules that are used in this chemical approach are cell permeable; cost-effective; and easy to synthesize, preserve, and standardize; and their effects can be reversible," says mouse study co-author Hongkui Deng of the Peking University Stem Cell Research Center. "In addition, the use of small molecules can be fine-tuned by adjusting their concentrations and duration, and the approach bypasses the technical challenges and safety concerns of genetic manipulations, which may be promising in their future applications."

Deng worked for four years with Zhen Chai and Yang Zhao, also of Peking University, to identify the small molecules that could create chemically induced mouse neurons. Researchers had been close for years, but a transcription factor was always necessary to complete the transformation. Through many chemical screens they identified the key ingredient, I-BET151, which works to suppress transcription in skin cells. They then found the right steps and conditions to mature the neurons post-transformation.

The authors of both papers aim to learn more about the biology behind chemically induced reprogramming and to make the protocols more efficient. While their success is promising, there are still a number of hurdles to overcome.

"We hope in the future that the chemical approaches would be more robust in inducing functional mature neurons," Deng says. "In addition, we are attempting to generate specific neuronal subtypes and patient-specific functional neurons for translational medicine by using pure chemicals."

Jian Zhao, of the human study, says: "It should be possible to generate different subtypes of neurons with a similar chemical approach but using slightly modified chemical cocktails." She adds: "It also needs to be explored whether functional neurons could be induced by chemical cocktails in living organisms with neurological diseases or injury."

---

Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Cell Press. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

---

Journal References:

1.    Wenxiang Hu, Binlong Qiu, Wuqiang Guan, Qinying Wang, Min Wang, Wei Li, Longfei Gao, Lu Shen, Yin Huang, Gangcai Xie, Hanzhi Zhao, Ying Jin, Beisha Tang, Yongchun Yu, Jian Zhao, Gang Pei. Direct Conversion of Normal and Alzheimer’s Disease Human Fibroblasts into Neuronal Cells by Small Molecules. Cell Stem Cell, 2015; 17 (2): 204 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.07.006

2.    Xiang Li, Xiaohan Zuo, Junzhan Jing, Yantao Ma, Jiaming Wang, Defang Liu, Jialiang Zhu, Xiaomin Du, Liang Xiong, Yuanyuan Du, Jun Xu, Xiong Xiao, Jinlin Wang, Zhen Chai, Yang Zhao, Hongkui Deng. Small-Molecule-Driven Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Functional Neurons. Cell Stem Cell, 2015; 17 (2): 195 DOI:10.1016/j.stem.2015.06.003

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150806133041.htm

Share this: