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Sensor cahaya tanaman berasal dari ganggang kuno

Kemampuan tanaman ' merasakan kunci lampu merah untuk hidup di darat

Date:

July 28, 2015

Source:

Duke University

Summary:

Molekul-molekul sensing-cahaya yang menceritakan tanaman apakah akan berkecambah , kapan bunga dan arah mana tumbuh untuk mencari lebih banyak sinar matahari yang mewarisi jutaan tahun yang lalu dari ganggang kuno , temuan sebuah studi baru . Temuan ini adalah beberapa bukti terkuat terhadap gagasan yang berlaku bahwa nenek moyang tanaman awal mendapat sensor cahaya merah yang membantu mereka bergerak dari air ke darat oleh bakteri yang melanda , para peneliti mengatakan .

............. Temuan adalah beberapa bukti terkuat menyangkal gagasan yang berlaku bahwa nenek moyang tanaman awal mendapat sensor cahaya merah yang membantu mereka bergerak dari air ke darat oleh engulfing light-sensing bacteria, para peneliti mengatakan .

Hasil muncul secara online di Nature Communications .....more

Plant light
sensors came from ancient algae

Plants' ability to sense red light key to life on land

Date:

July 28, 2015

Source:

Duke University

Summary:

The light-sensing molecules that tell plants whether to germinate, when to
flower and which direction to grow to seek more sunlight were inherited
millions of years ago from ancient algae, finds a new study. The findings are
some of the strongest evidence yet against the prevailing idea that the
ancestors of early plants got the red light sensors that helped them move from
water to land by engulfing bacteria, the researchers say.

.....................

The light-sensing molecules that tell plants whether to germinate, when to
flower and which direction to grow were inherited millions of years ago from
ancient algae, finds a new study from Duke University.

The findings are some of the strongest evidence yet refuting the prevailing
idea that the ancestors of early plants got the red light sensors that helped
them move from water to land by engulfing light-sensing bacteria, the
researchers say.

The results appear online in Nature Communications.

"Much like we see the world through our eyes, plants 'see' the world
through light-sensitive proteins in their leaves called photoreceptors,"
said Duke postdoctoral researcher Fay-Wei Li.

Photoreceptors monitor changes in the direction, intensity, duration and
wavelength of light shining on a plant, and send signals that tell plants when
to sprout, when to blossom, and how to bend or stretch to avoid being shaded by
their neighbors.

"Light is what gives plants the energy they need to survive," Li
said. "But light is constantly changing with the time of day and the
seasons and the surrounding vegetation. Photoreceptors help plants determine if
it's summer or winter, or if they're under the canopy or out in the open."

A group of photoreceptor proteins called phytochromes enable plants to
detect and absorb light in the red and far-red regions of the light spectrum,
the main wavelengths of light that plants use for photosynthesis.

Just 20 years ago, researchers discovered that plants weren't the only
living things with phytochromes. Thanks to DNA sequencing, scientists started
uncovering similar genes in cyanobacteria, tiny green bacteria that live in
oceans, rivers and streams.

Based on the striking similarities between the phytochrome genes in plants
and cyanobacteria, scientists proposed that plants acquired their phytochromes
millions of years ago by engulfing cyanobacteria that were living
independently.

Instead of digesting them, the theory goes, the plant ancestors supplied a
safe home for the cyanobacteria to grow, and the cyanobacteria supplied their
light-harvesting machinery to help capture energy from the sun, until the two
grew dependent upon one another and eventually joined together to become
permanent partners.

The idea is a widely accepted explanation for the origin of chloroplasts,
the organelles in plant cells that convert sunlight to food.

But in more recent years researchers have also discovered phytochrome genes
in bacteria, fungi and some algae, which got them thinking again: "Where
did plant phytochromes come from?" Li said.

To find out, Li and Kathleen Pryer of Duke and Sarah Matthews of Harvard
scoured existing databases and analyzed 300 DNA and RNA sequences from the
phytochrome proteins of a wide range of algae and land plants, including ferns,
mosses, liverworts, hornworts, green algae, red algae, kelp, diatoms and other
green blobs commonly found in ocean plankton.

By calculating the similarities between the sequences, the researchers were
able to reconstruct the genetic changes that these red light sensors underwent
as they were passed from one lineage to the next.

Plant phytochromes turned out to be more closely related to algae than
cyanobacteria, consistent with suspicions that earlier ideas about their
bacterial origins may not be right after all.

The researchers also found a surprisingly diverse array of phytochromes in
green algae, which could help scientists better understand how plants transitioned
from life in the water to life on land.

Plants are generally thought to have colonized land more than 400 million
years ago, when pioneering green algae -- perhaps living at the edges of
freshwater pools -- managed to survive when water levels dropped on shore.

The previously unknown diversity of phytochromes in green algae suggests
that the aquatic and semi-aquatic ancestors of early plants could absorb and
use wavelengths of light that modern land plants can't "see."

"The first ancestral algae to move onto land would have faced a very
different light environment than they experienced in the water -- a lot more
light, and in different wavelengths," Li said. "Photoreceptors played
a key role in helping plants adapt to these changing light conditions."







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Duke
University. The original item was written by Robin A. Smith.Note: Materials may be
edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Fay-Wei Li, Michael Melkonian, Carl J. Rothfels, Juan Carlos Villarreal,
Dennis W. Stevenson, Sean W. Graham, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Kathleen M. Pryer, Sarah
Mathews.Phytochrome diversity in green plants and the origin of canonical
plant phytochromes. Nature Communications, 2015; 6: 7852
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8852

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150728091728.htm

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