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Mencit betina bernyanyi untuk seks

Date:

September 10, 2015

Source:

University of Delaware

Mencit jantan mengeluarkan  lagu-lagu cinta untuk betina selama pacaran . Apa yang para ilmuwan tidak tahu sampai sekarang adalah tikus betina akan bernyanyi kembali . Menggunakan array canggih dari mikrofon dan ruang suara yang dikembangkan  , peneliti menemukan dunia ini penuh dengan Beyonces berbulu kecil . Mempelajari semua komunikasi Single Ladies ' memberikan wawasan mekanik otak dan gangguan , berpotensi termasuk yang terkait dengan autisme .

.......... Apa yang mereka tidak tahu - sampai peneliti University of Delaware mengembangkan array  mikrofon canggih  dan analisis ruang suara - adalah bahwa tikus betina bernyanyi kembali .

Tidak ada yang tahu jika betina  yang bernyanyi " It Had To Be You " atau " Catch Me If You Can , " tapi  " lagu " tikus – seperti kata  neuroscientist Joshua Neunuebel , asisten profesor ilmu psikologi dan otak , menyebut mereka - tampaknya adalah hal yang cukup dengan tikus kecil  ini .....more

Female mice sing for sex

Date:

September 10, 2015

Source:

University of Delaware

Summary:

Male mice belt out love songs to females
during courtship. What scientists didn't know until now is female mice sing
back. Using a sophisticated array of microphones and a sound chamber he
developed, a researcher discovered the world is full of tiny furry Beyonces.
Studying all the Single Ladies' communication provides insight into brain
mechanics and impairments, potentially including those related to autism.

...................

They don't use gondolas or croon like
Sinatra. But scientists have known for a long time that male mice belt out
something like love songs to females when the time seems right to them.

What they didn't know -- until a
University of Delaware researcher developed a sophisticated array of
microphones and a sound analysis chamber -- was that female mice were singing
back.

No one knows if the females are singing
"It Had To Be You" or "Catch Me If You Can," but mouse
"songs" -- as neuroscientist Joshua Neunuebel, assistant professor of
psychological and brain sciences, calls them -- apparently are quite the thing
with these little rodents.

You can't tell that a mouse is singing
or shouting. There is no obvious physical sign. And their voices during these
interactions register in a range far beyond the reach of human ears, Neunuebel
said.

The highest range the human ear can
detect is about 20 kilohertz. The high-pitched voice of a mouse registers at
about 35 to 125 kilohertz, he said.

It takes special microphones to pick
that up and Neunuebel and his collaborators have worked on collecting,
analyzing and interpreting all sorts of mouse sounds and related data.

Neunuebel developed a sound system and
analysis equations that allowed researchers to figure out -- with up to 97
percent accuracy -- which sound came from which mouse.

That's when they discovered that female
mice weren't just listening to male voices. They were singing back.

With the new sound analysis capacity --
and especially the ability to pinpoint which mouse the vocals are coming from
-- a platform for much broader research now is available.

The work could lead to advances in
understanding autism, for example, and deficits that may exist in the neural
circuits of the brain that underlie social communication, Neunuebel said.

Studying mouse communication and
behavior can produce great insight into brain mechanics and systems and
possibly give researchers valuable insight into how human brains work.

"We are just scratching the
surface," he said.

Neunuebel collaborated with three former
colleagues at the Janelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical
Institute -- Adam Taylor, Ben Arthur and S.E. Roian Egnor.

It has been known for some time that
male mice vocalize during their efforts to find a mate. Neunuebel now has
demonstrated that the source of mouse songs can be pinpointed to specific mice
and as part of that work subsequently demonstrated that female mice were in the
vocal mix, too.

The system gathered data as four mice --
two males, two females -- were observed interacting and often detected vocal
exchanges during chases when a male pursued a female. The data showed that
females who responded vocally to a male's "song" also slowed down,
making it easier for the male to catch up to them. Unresponsive females kept up
their pace.

That makes researchers think these songs
may be communicating important social information -- but that is another study,
yet to come.

To get this data, Neunuebel and his
collaborators developed a fascinating system. They rigged up an acoustically
precise chamber, surrounded by foam, that had nylon mesh walls to reduce
"reflections" -- the phenomenon of sound bouncing around an enclosed
space and off walls. They installed an array of four microphones, illuminated
the chamber with infrared light, and linked each mouse to a tracking system.

They developed a calculation to divide
the sound into smaller pieces and then estimated the source location for all
the small pieces, correcting for delays caused by the speed of sound in air at
room temperature and at standard atmospheric pressure.

They developed a theoretical grid across
the floor of the chamber, spaced at a quarter of a millimeter. From each point
on the grid, they calculated the estimated delay between each possible pair of
microphones and used this to analyze sounds and estimate their sources.

With all of that, they produced Mouse
Ultrasonic Source Estimation (MUSE) software, now available for download.

Neunuebel's new lab at UD is looking at
social communication in mouse models of autism. These mice spend 12 hours in
the chamber, which is equipped with food, water and bedding, and half a
terrabyte of data is collected in each 12-hour period. To analyze that much
material, Neunuebel, in his ongoing work, is taking advantage of the Farber
High-Performance Computing Cluster, which speeds the analytics dramatically.

"That has been incredibly
helpful," he said. What would have taken weeks can now be done in less
than a day.

"The University has put the pieces
in place to make this happen," he said.

Neunuebel earned his doctorate in
neuroscience at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and a
postdoctoral fellowship at Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Janelia Research
Campus.

The work was supported by the Howard
Hughes Medical Institute and published by eLIFE sciences.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity
of Delaware. The original item was written by Beth
Miller. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Joshua P Neunuebel, Adam L Taylor, Ben J
Arthur, SE Roian Egnor. Female mice ultrasonically interact with males
during courtship displays. eLife, 2015; 4 DOI:10.7554/eLife.06203

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150910185122.htm

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