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Pola makan yang buruk dan tekanan darah tinggi sekarang adalah faktor resiko nomor satu bagi  kematian dini

Penelitian dua puluh lima tahun beban global data penyakit dirilis 

Date:

September 11, 2015

Source:

University of Melbourne

Summary:

Sebuah beban global baru penelitian penyakit menemukan sejumlah besar kematian di seluruh dunia disebabkan oleh faktor-risiko  yang dapat dicegah

.......... Pada tahun 1990 , anak dan ibu kekurangan gizi dan air yang tidak aman , sanitasi , dan kurangnya mencuci tangan adalah risiko terkemuka untuk kematian , tetapi kini telah digantikan oleh risiko diet dan tekanan darah tinggi...........more

Poor diet and high blood pressure now number one risk
factors for early death

Twenty-five year study of global burden
of disease data released

Date:

September 11, 2015

Source:

University of Melbourne

Summary:

A new global burden of disease study
finds a huge amount of deaths worldwide are due to preventable risk-factors.

...................

A huge international study of global
causes of death has revealed that since 1990, there has been a profound change
in risk factors for death.

In 1990, child and maternal malnutrition
and unsafe water, sanitation, and lack of hand washing were the leading risks
for death, but these have now been replaced by dietary risks and high blood
pressure.

The findings are from a new analysis of
global cause-of-death data published in The Lancet today.

The study was conducted by an
international consortium of researchers working on the Global Burden of Disease
project and led by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and
led by the University of Washington and the University of Melbourne.

Researchers looked at 79 risk factors
for death in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013.

The risk factors examined in the study
contributed to almost 31 million deaths worldwide in 2013, up from 25 million
deaths in 1990.

Top risk factors worldwide include:

In much of the Middle East and Latin America,
     high body mass index is the number-one risk associated with health loss.
In South and Southeast Asia, household air
     pollution is a leading risk, and India also grapples with high risks of
     unsafe water and childhood under-nutrition.
Alcohol is the number-two risk in Russia.
Smoking is the number-one risk in many
     high-income countries, including the United Kingdom.
The most marked differences are found in
     sub-Saharan Africa, which, unlike other regions, is dominated by a
     combination of childhood malnutrition, unsafe water and lack of
     sanitation, unsafe sex, and alcohol use.
Wasting (low weight) accounts for one in five
     deaths of children under five-years-old, highlighting the importance of child
     malnutrition as a risk factor.
Unsafe sex took a huge toll on global health,
     contributing to 82 per cent of HIV/AIDS deaths and 94 per cent of HIV/AIDS
     deaths among 15- to 19-year-olds in 2013. This has a greater impact on
     South Africa than any other country, 38 per cent of South African deaths
     were attributed to unsafe sex. The global burden of unsafe sex grew from
     1990 and peaked in 2005.


The study included several risk factors
-- wasting (low weight for a person's height), stunting (low height for a
person's age), unsafe sex, HIV, no hand-washing with soap, intimate partner
violence -- in its analysis for the first time.

"There's great potential to improve
health by avoiding certain risks like smoking and poor diet as well as tackling
environmental risks like air pollution," IHME Director Dr Christopher
Murray said.

"The challenge for policymakers
will be to use what we know to guide prevention efforts and health
policies."

The Australian context

The top risks associated with the deaths
of both men and women in Australia are high blood pressure, smoking, high body
mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose.

Drug use is among the fastest growing
risk factors for poor health in Australia, up 53 per cent between 1990 and
2013. Drug use is responsible for the biggest increase in poor health for men.
The biggest increase in poor health for women comes from diabetes-related
illness (high fasting blood glucose), increasing by 68 per cent since 1990.

However, it is not all bad news. Deaths
from high cholesterol have decreased by 25 per cent, and deaths from diets low
in fruit and vegetables have decreased by 10 per cent.

In Australia, increases in deaths due to
high body mass index and diabetes-related illnesses have been increased 35 per
cent and 47 per cent respectively. Australians are also grappling with poor
kidney function and low physical activity, both of which are not among the
top-10 global risk factors.

The leading risk factors associated with
poor health in Australia in 2013 were high body mass index, smoking, and high
blood pressure. While these were also in the top-five risk factors in 1990,
smoking has decreased slightly, by 4 per cent.

Senior author on the study, University
of Melbourne Professor Alan Lopez, said many of these risk factors for Australian
deaths are preventable with lifestyle changes.

"While our study shows that public
policy in Australia has been effective in reducing the health impacts of high
cholesterol and insufficient fruit and vegetables in our diet, progress against
some large, avoidable risks has been less impressive," Prof Lopez said.

"Smoking, high blood pressure and
obesity are still prevalent among adult Australians and remain a large cause of
disease burden. We can, and ought, to be more conscientious in reducing these
exposures among all Australians, not only those considered at high risk."







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity of Melbourne. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Christopher J Murray et al. Global,
regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural,
environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188
countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease
Study 2013. The Lancet, September 2015 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00128-2

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150911094941.htm

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