Oksigen bukan bukti definitif kehidupan di planet ekstrasurya layak huni--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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Oksigen bukan  bukti definitif kehidupan di planet ekstrasurya layak huni

Date:

September 10, 2015

Source:

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Summary:

Atmosfer bumi mengandung oksigen karena tanaman terus memproduksinya melalui fotosintesis . oksigen yang  berlimpah  memungkinkan bentuk kehidupan seperti binatang untuk berkembang . Oleh karena itu , oksigen telah  menjadi biomarker penting bagi kehidupan di planet ekstrasurya . Tapi sekarang para ilmuwan telah disajikan hipotesis baru yang bisa memungkinkan planet untuk memiliki sejumlah besar abiotik (produksi  non - biologis  ) oksigen .

......... Studi ini dipublikasikan dalam Laporan Ilmiah pada Sep 10 2015.

Sampai saat ini , telah terpikir   bahwa jika sebuah planet memiliki oksigen ,  berarti bahwa beberapa bentuk tanaman memproduksi melalui fotosintesis . Oleh karena itu, telah diasumsikan bahwa ketika mencari tanda-tanda kehidupan di planet ekstrasurya huni , dengan adanya oksigen di atmosfer bisa dianggap sebagai biomarker definitif .....more

Oxygen is not definitive evidence of life on habitable
extrasolar planets

Date:

September 10, 2015

Source:

National Astronomical Observatory of
Japan

Summary:

The Earth's atmosphere contains oxygen
because plants continuously produce it through photosynthesis. This abundant
supply of oxygen allows life forms like animals to flourish. Therefore, oxygen
had been thought to be an essential biomarker for life on extrasolar planets.
But now scientists have presented a novel hypothesis that it could be possible
for planets to have large quantities of abiotic (non-biologically produced)
oxygen.

.................

The Earth's atmosphere contains oxygen
because plants continuously produce it through photosynthesis. This abundant
supply of oxygen allows life forms like animals to flourish. Therefore, oxygen
had been thought to be an essential biomarker for life on extrasolar planets.
But now, a research assistant professor Norio Narita of the Astrobiology Center
of NINS, which was founded in April 2015, and an associate professor Shigeyuki
Masaoka, of the Institute of Molecular Science of NINS, have presented a novel
hypothesis that it could be possible for planets to have large quantities of
abiotic (non-biologically produced) oxygen. This study is a good example of
interdisciplinary studies that combine knowledge from different fields of
science to promote astrobiology in the search for life on extrasolar planets.

The study is published in Scientific
Reports on Sep 10, 2015.

Until now, it had been thought that if a
planet has oxygen, that must mean that some form of plants are producing it
through photosynthesis. Therefore, it had been assumed that when searching for
signs of life on habitable extrasolar planets, the presence of oxygen in the
atmosphere could be considered a definitive biomarker. However, non-biological
chemical reactions can also affect atmospheric compositions of extrasolar
planets. Now, the research team led by Dr. Narita has shown that, abiotic
oxygen produced by the photocatalytic reaction of titanium oxide, which is
known to be abundant on the surfaces of terrestrial planets, meteorolites, and
the Moon in the Solar System, cannot be discounted.

For a planet with an environment similar
to the Sun-Earth system, continuous photocatalytic reaction of titanium oxide
on about 0.05 % of the planetary surface could produce the amount of oxygen
found in the current Earth's atmosphere. In addition, the team estimated the
amount of possible oxygen production for habitable planets around other types of
host stars with various masses and temperatures. They found that even in the
least efficient production case of a low-temperature star, the photocatalytic
reaction of the titanium oxide on about 3% of the planetary surface could
maintain this level of atmospheric oxygen through abiotic processes. In other
words, it is possible that a habitable extrasolar planet could maintain an
atmosphere with Earth-like oxygen, even without organisms to perform
photosynthesis.

Dr. Narita said, "To search for
life on extrasolar planets through astronomical observation, we need to combine
the knowledge from various scientific fields and to promote astrobiology
researches to establish the decisive signs of life. Although oxygen is still
one of possible biomarkers, it becomes necessary to look for new biomarkers
besides oxygen from the present result."







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byNational Astronomical Observatory of
Japan. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Norio Narita, Takafumi Enomoto,
Shigeyuki Masaoka, Nobuhiko Kusakabe. Titania may produce abiotic
oxygen atmospheres on habitable exoplanets.Scientific Reports, 2015;
5: 13977 DOI: 10.1038/srep13977

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150910091446.htm

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