Bagaimana sirkulasi laut merubah CO2 di atmosfer--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik--CO2--berita tentang sirkulasi laut

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Bagaimana sirkulasi laut merubah  CO2 di atmosfer

Suhu di atas Antartika memiliki dampak besar pada sirkulasi laut dan penyerapan karbon

Date:

September 28, 2015

Source:

University of New South Wales

Summary:

Perubahan sirkulasi menjungkirbalikkan di Samudra Selatan sebagai akibat dari suhu di atas Antartika memainkan peran kunci dalam penyerapan karbon oleh lautan .

............ Para peneliti menemukan bahwa selama periode glasial ketika suasana dingin dan es laut jauh lebih luas , perairan laut dalam datang ke permukaan yang lebih jauh utara dari benua Antartika daripada  hari ini ..............more

How ocean
circulation changed atmospheric CO2

Temperature over Antarctica had profound impacts on ocean circulation and
carbon uptake

Date:

September 28, 2015

Source:

University of New South Wales

Summary:

Changes to overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean as a result of
temperatures over Antarctica play key role in carbon uptake by the oceans.

..................

Scientists have struggled for the past few decades to understand why air
temperatures around Antarctica over the past one million years were almost
perfectly in synch with atmospheric CO2concentrations. Both dipped down during
glacial ice ages and back up again during warm interglacials.

By contrast, temperatures in the tropics and Northern Hemisphere were less
closely tied to atmospheric CO2concentrations.

"This relationship between Antarctica temperature and CO2suggested that somehow
the Southern Ocean was pivotal in controlling natural atmospheric CO2 concentrations,"
said Dr Maxim Nikurashin from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System
Science.

"The key that unlocked the mystery was the colder atmosphere and
extensive sea ice around Antarctica during the glacial period. Together they
fundamentally changed top to bottom ocean circulation and enabled more CO2 to be drawn from
the atmosphere."

The researchers found that during glacial periods when the atmosphere was
colder and sea ice was far more extensive, deep ocean waters came to the
surface much further north of the Antarctic continent than they do today.

This meant that the nutrients brought up from the bottom of the ocean spent
more time on the surface of the ocean as the currents moved them southwards
before the flow encountered Antarctica and circled back down to the bottom of
the ocean.

Because the upwelled waters ran along the surface for a longer period of
time, nutrients spent more time near the surface of the ocean where
phytoplankton could feed on them for longer.

The biological processes that result from phytoplankton blooms directly
take carbon out of the atmosphere. Some of this carbon then sinks to the bottom
of the ocean when the phytoplankton die, locking it away in the deep sea for
thousands of years.

"The biological processes that take up carbon from the atmosphere even
take place in and under the ice -- if that ice is not too thick -- which is why
the biological processes persisted for a lot longer during cooler
periods," the authors said.

"Our results suggest that this change in circulation and the
consequent extended biological activity by itself took 30-60ppm of CO2 out of the
atmosphere. That's about one half of the glacial-interglacial change."

However, when temperatures warm over the Antarctic regions, deep waters
rise from the floor of the ocean much closer to the continent. This means
nutrients are near the surface for a shorter time before returning to the deep
ocean floor.

With less time on the surface there is less time for the biological
processes to take place and less carbon is taken out of the atmosphere. This is
the situation we see today.

"This finding is a major advance in understanding the natural carbon
cycle, gained by applying a new understanding about how the "overturning
circulation" of the Southern Ocean works," said lead author Dr Andrew
J Watson from the University of Exeter.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity
of New South Wales. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Andrew J. Watson, Geoffrey K. Vallis, Maxim Nikurashin.Southern Ocean
buoyancy forcing of ocean ventilation and glacial atmospheric CO2. Nature
Geoscience, 2015; DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2538

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150928123434.htm

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