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Keanekaragaman serangga menurun di  kebun dengan tanaman non -pribumi

Date:

September 28, 2015

Source:

University of Delaware

Summary:

Tanaman non-pribumi mengurangi keragaman populasi serangga di kebun , bahkan di mana tanaman non -pribumi yang terkait erat dengan tanaman asli ,menurut  penelitian baru . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana komposisi tanaman dari  pemilik  tanaman di pekarangan mereka mempengaruhi masyarakat herbivora .

................ Dalam kelompok jauh terkait , mereka menemukan bahwa herbivora kurang beragam ketika mereka melihat jenis pohon non-pribumi individual , dan karena mereka pindah dari salah satu jenis pohon non -pribumi ke yang lain , mereka menemukan spesies sejenis herbivora menggunakan pohon-pohon .....more

Insect diversity
decreases in gardens with non-native plants

Date:

September 28, 2015

Source:

University of Delaware

Summary:

Non-native plants reduce the diversity of insect populations in gardens,
even where the non-native plants are closely related to the native plants, new
research shows. The goal of this research was to understand how the composition
of the plants that homeowners plant in their yards affects herbivore
communities.

..................

Not only do native plants do a better job of hosting and supporting local
insect communities than their non-native counterparts, but a University of
Delaware study shows that non-native plants are compounding the problem of
declining species diversity by supporting fewer herbivores across landscapes.

The research was conducted by UD alumna Karin Burghardt and Doug Tallamy,
professor of entomology in the University's College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, and published in a recent issue of Ecology Letters.

To conduct the study, the researchers planted imitation yards with
different common gardens of both native and non-native tree species and
collected data over a three-year period, measuring the herbivore communities
and species found on those plants.

They compared native trees to non-native trees that had no close native
relative and to non-natives that are closely related to the native community.

Within the distantly related group, they found that herbivores were less
diverse when they looked at individual non-native tree species, and as they
moved from one non-native tree species to another, they found similar species
of herbivores using those trees.

"You get this compounding effect where you have a lower diversity of
herbivores per tree but then you also are getting more similar species as you
move between trees species and among sites, so you end up with even less
diverse communities than you would expect," said Burghardt.

They found this to be especially true of non-native plants that had no
close native relative.

"There is this group of species of non-natives that do not have any
close native relatives at all. These non-natives support more generalized and
redundant herbivore communities than the native plants that they're potentially
replacing on landscapes," said Burghardt, who added that this is especially
true for young herbivores that use the plants for food.

Tallamy said that finding young herbivores on a plant is a good indication
of how that plant is supporting the local ecosystem, as opposed to finding
adults, which could be on a plant for a number of reasons, such as resting or
looking for a mate.

"The relationship between the adult and food is far weaker than the
relationship between immatures and food, so when you find adults on the
non-natives, it doesn't mean that much. When you find immatures, that's what
you should be measuring," Tallamy said. "Those are the plants that
are creating those immatures and so we do get significant differences between
the immatures that are using native plants versus the immatures using non-natives."

When it comes to non-native plants that are congeners -- non-native plants
with a close native relative, such as Norway maple and red maple -- the
researchers found that those seem to support herbivore populations across sites
more similar to those on natives than the non-native plants that have no native
relatives at all.

Tallamy said that few unique species were found on these non-native
congeners, as most species found were also living on their native relative.

He also stressed that that native plants always do the best job per tree of
supporting herbivore communities when compared to their non-native
counterparts. This study expands the understanding of that fact by looking at
whether that lower per tree diversity is magnified further by non-natives
hosting more similar communities across trees species and locations.

Burghardt said the goal of the research was to understand how the
composition of the plants that homeowners plant in their yards affects
herbivore communities.

"If you think about it, you're driving around the suburban
environment, and every time a new development goes in, you have a lot of
decision making happening as to what plant species are going to be planted
around those properties," Burghardt said. "If we do all that
landscaping with non-native plants, are we limiting the wildlife and
conservation support system that could be available within that given plot of
land? What the gardens we constructed for the study are trying to replicate are
landscaping decisions that people might make if they wanted to support native
insect communities that in turn support much of the diversity around us."







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity
of Delaware. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Karin T. Burghardt, Douglas W. Tallamy. Not all non-natives are
equally unequal: reductions in herbivore β-diversity depend on phylogenetic
similarity to native plant community. Ecology Letters, 2015; 18
(10): 1087 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12492

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150928155900.htm

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