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Model meningitis menunjukkan infeksi sci - fi -  merayap ke dalam otak

Date:

September 29, 2015

Source:

Duke University Medical Center

Summary:

Para ilmuwan menggunakan ikan transparan untuk melihat  secara real time seperti meningitis kriptokokal mengambil alih otak . Gambaran  yang dihasilkan  ‘worthy of a sci-fi movie teaser’, tapi bisa bernilai  dalam gangguan secara nyata , infeksi otak melumpuhkan yang membunuh lebih dari 600.000 orang di seluruh dunia setiap tahun .

........... Sel Airborne Cryptococcus membuat jalan mereka ke paru-paru kita hampir setiap hari – seperti tamu tak diundang , tapi konsekuensi kecil bagi mereka dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang sehat . Tetapi bagi mereka dengan kekebalan yang telah dikompromikan , apakah dengan infeksi HIV atau pengobatan kanker , hasil infeksi meningitis kriptokokus dapat membawa kematian....more

Meningitis model
shows infection's sci-fi-worthy creep into the brain

Date:

September 29, 2015

Source:

Duke University Medical Center

Summary:

Scientists are using transparent fish to watch in real time as Cryptococcal
meningitis takes over the brain. The resulting images are worthy of a sci-fi
movie teaser, but could be valuable in disrupting the real, crippling brain
infection that kills more than 600,000 people worldwide each year.

.........................

Scientists at Duke Medicine are using transparent fish to watch in real
time as Cryptococcal meningitis takes over the brain. The resulting images are
worthy of a sci-fi movie teaser, but could be valuable in disrupting the real,
crippling brain infection that kills more than 600,000 people worldwide each
year.

Airborne cells of Cryptococcus make their way into our
lungs practically every day -- unwelcome guests, but of little consequence for
those with healthy immune systems. But for those with compromised immunities,
whether by HIV infection or cancer treatment, a resulting Cryptococcal
meningitis infection can quickly become deadly.

To be able to target the infection with medications in the future,
researchers need to know more about how the organism (technically a yeast),
moves from the lungs into the blood stream and through the blood-brain barrier.
So they injected the organism into microscopic zebrafish larvae, which have
clear bodies, and watched the infection take hold.

The newly developed fish model is described in mBio, a journal
of the American Society of Microbiology

"What's impressive is that, unlike in a mouse or rabbit, you can
actually see the organism producing disease in the live animal," said John
R. Perfect, M.D., chief of the division of infectious diseases at Duke
University School of Medicine. "Day-by-day, it's growing and moving
throughout the body. You can't see this anywhere else."

A video shows a transparent larva's body as Cryptococcusfungi,
made red by a fluorescent tracer, moves through tissue, blood vessels and into the
brain. Blue macrophages chase and gobble up some of the red infection as it
spreads through and around green blood vessels.

Using a zebrafish to observe the process of infection offers a small
vertebrate animal with an immune system somewhat similar to a human's, Perfect
said. Because the fish are tiny and easy to reproduce, they cost less and are
easier to study than a mouse or larger mammal.

The larvae are also permeable to small molecules, which will allow
scientists to batch-test different drug compounds against the infection
relatively quickly and easily, said co-author David Tobin, Ph.D., assistant
professor in molecular genetics and microbiology and immunology at Duke.

"This model will allow researchers to screen the whole organism while
it is living with an infection," Tobin said. "It will allow us to
screen libraries of drug compounds relatively quickly. We can also develop and
test mutant strains of Cryptococcus in these larvae. This can
teach us which factors play a role in infection and those could be therapeutic
targets in the future."

Tobin also uses zebrafish to study bacteria closely related to those that
cause tuberculosis, and findings from this model have been applied to
understanding human disease.

There are some drawbacks to studying these infections in fish -- their body
temperatures are cooler and they lack lungs, which is where Cryptococcus enters
the human body, Perfect said. But the fish offer a starting point to create
leads that scientists can then investigate further in more complex mammals.

"Our hope is that by creating this system, we can continue our own
investigations into other harmful organisms, and that other scientists
worldwide can adapt our zebrafish model to investigate the diseases that are
priorities in their communities," Perfect said.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided
by Duke University Medical Center. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Jennifer L. Tenor, Stefan H. Oehlers, Jialu L. Yang, David M. Tobin and
John R. Perfect. Live Imaging of Host-Parasite Interactions in a
Zebrafish Infection Model Reveals Cryptococcal Determinants of Virulence and
Central Nervous System Invasion. mBio, September 2015
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01425-15

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150929065947.htm

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