Studi pertumbuhan populasi dinosaurus terbesar menunjukkan bagaimana Maiasaura hidup dan mati--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunita satwa eksotik--maiasaura--fosil-sossil-berita artikel tentang fosil maiasaura

SILAHKAN MENGGUNAKAN " MESIN TRANSLATE "..GOOGLE TRANSLATE
DISAMPING KANAN INI.............

PLEASE USE ........ "TRANSLATE MACHINE" .. GOOGLE TRANSLATE BESIDE RIGHT THIS

.................


T-REC -TUGUMUDA REPTILES COMMUNITY-INDONESIA


More info :
www.trecsemarang2011.blogspot.com
minat gabung : ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
08995557626
..................................
KSE – KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK – EXOTIC PETS COMMUNITY-- INDONESIA
Visit Our Community and Joint W/ Us....Welcome All Over The World
www.facebook.com/groups/komunitassatwaeksotik/
 KSE = KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK

MENGATASI KENDALA MINAT DAN JARAK

KAMI ADA DI TIAP KOTA DI INDONESIA
DETAIL TENTANG KSE-----KLIK : www.komunitassatwaeksotik-pendaftaran.blogspot.com

GABUNG......... ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
HUBUNGI   :  089617123865-08995557626

.........................

Studi pertumbuhan populasi  dinosaurus terbesar menunjukkan bagaimana Maiasaura hidup dan mati

Dekade penelitian fosil di negara Montana  - 'nenekmoyang  kadal ' Maiasaura peeblesorum - telah menghasilkan sejarah hidup yang paling rinci dari setiap dinosaurus yang dikenal

Date:

October 2, 2015

Source:

Montana State University

Summary:

Penelitian ke tempat sumber tulang besar di Montana barat telah menghasilkan sejarah hidup yang paling lengkap dari setiap dinosaurus yang dikenal .

.......... " Ini adalah salah satu bagian yang paling penting dari paleontologi yang melibatkan MSU dalam 20 tahun terakhir , " kata Jack Horner , kurator Museum of the Rockies di MSU . " Ini adalah langkah maju yang dramatis dari mempelajari fosil makhluk  sebagai individu tunggal untuk memahami siklus hidup mereka ....more

Largest dinosaur
population growth study ever shows how Maiasaura lived and died

Decades of research on Montana's state fossil -- the 'good mother lizard'
Maiasaura peeblesorum -- has resulted in the most detailed life history of any
dinosaur known

Date:

October 2, 2015

Source:

Montana State University

Summary:

Research into a vast bone bed in western Montana has yielded the most
complete life history of any dinosaur known.

...............

Decades of research on Montana's state fossil -- the "good mother lizard" Maiasaurapeeblesorum -- has resulted in the most detailed life
history of any dinosaur known and created a model to which all other dinosaurs
can be compared, according to new research published recently in the
journal Paleobiology.

Researchers from Oklahoma State University, Montana State University and
Indiana Purdue University used fossils collected from a huge bonebed in western
Montana for their study.

"This is one of the most important pieces of paleontology involving
MSU in the past 20 years," said Jack Horner, curator of the Museum of the
Rockies at MSU. "This is a dramatic step forward from studying fossilized
creatures as single individuals to understanding their life cycle. We are
moving away from the novelty of a single instance to looking at a population of
dinosaurs in the same way we look at populations of animals today."

The study was led by Holly Woodward, who did the research as her doctoral
thesis in paleontology at MSU. Woodward is now professor of anatomy at Oklahoma
State University Center for Health Sciences.

The Paleobiology study examined the fossil bone
microstructure, or histology, of 50 Maiasaura tibiae (shin
bones). Bone histology reveals aspects of growth that cannot be obtained by
simply looking at the shape of the bone, including information about growth
rate, metabolism, age at death, sexual maturity, skeletal maturity and how long
a species took to reach adult size.

"Histology is the key to understanding the growth dynamics of extinct
animals," Woodward said. "You can only learn so much from a bone by
looking at its shape. But the entire growth history of the animal is recorded
within the bone."

A sample of 50 might not sound like much, but for dinosaur paleontologists
dealing with an often sparse fossil record, theMaiasaura fossils
are a treasure trove.

"No other histological study of a single dinosaur species approaches
our sample size," Woodward said.

With it, the researchers discovered a wealth of new information about
how Maiasaura grew up: it had bird-level growth rates
throughout most of its life, and its bone tissue most closely resembled that of
modern day warm-blooded large mammals such as elk.

Major life events are recorded in the growth of the bones and the rates at
which different-aged animals died.

"By studying the clues in the bone histology, and looking at patterns
in the death assemblage, we found multiple pieces of evidence all supporting
the same timing of sexual and skeletal maturity," said Elizabeth Freedman
Fowler, curator of paleontology at the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum in Malta
and adjunct professor at MSU, who performed the mathematical analyses for the
study.

Sexual maturity occurred within the third year of life, andMaiasaura reached
an average adult mass of 2.3 tonnes in eight years. Life was especially hard
for the very young and the old. The average mortality rate for those less than
a year of age was 89.9 percent, and 44.4 percent for individuals 8 years and
older.

If Maiasaura individuals could survive through their
second year, they enjoyed a six-year window of peak physical and reproductive
fitness, when the average mortality rate was just 12.7 percent.

"By looking within the bones, and by synthesizing what previous
studies revealed, we now know more about the life history ofMaiasaura than
any other dinosaur and have the sample size to back up our conclusions,"
Woodward said. "Our study makesMaiasaura a model organism to
which other dinosaur population biology studies will be compared."

The 50 tibiae also highlighted the extent of individual size variation
within a dinosaur species. Previous dinosaur studies histologically examined a
small subset of dinosaur bones and assigned ages to the entire sample based on
the lengths of the few histologically aged bones.

"Our results suggest you can't just measure the length of a dinosaur
bone and assume it represents an animal of a certain age," Woodward said.
"Within our sample, there is a lot of variability in the length of the
tibia in each age group. It would be like trying to assign an age to a person
based on their height because you know the height and age of someone else.
Histology is the only way to quantify age in dinosaurs."

Horner, a coauthor on the research and curator of the Museum of the Rockies
at MSU where the Maiasaura fossils are reposited, discovered
and named Maiasaura in 1979. He made headlines by announcing
the world's first discovery of fossil dinosaur embryos and eggs. Based on the
immature development of the baby dinosaur fossils found in nests, Horner
hypothesized that they were helpless upon hatching and had to be cared for by
parents, so naming the dinosaur Maiasaura, Latin for "good
mother lizard."

Studies that followed revealed aspects of Maiasaura biology
including that they were social and nested in colonies;Maiasaura walked
on two legs when young and shifted to walking on all four as they got bigger;
their preferred foods included rotting wood; and that their environment was
warm and semi-arid, with a long dry season prone to drought.

The tibiae included in the Paleobiology study came from a
single bonebed in western Montana covering at least two square kilometers. More
than 30 years of excavation and thousands of fossils later, the bonebed shows
no signs of running dry. Woodward plans to lead annual summer excavations of
the Maiasaura bonebed to collect more data.

"Our study kicks off The Maiasaura Life History
Project, which seeks to learn as much as possible about Maiasaura and
its environment 76 million years ago by continuing to collect and
histologically examine fossils from the bonebed, adding statistical strength to
the sample," she said.

"We plan to examine other skeletal elements to make a histological
'map' of Maiasaura, seeing if the different bones in its body grew
at different rates, which would allow us to study more aspects of its biology
and behavior. We also want to better understand the environment in which Maiasaura lived,
including the life histories of other animals in the ecosystem," she
added.

The Maiasaura Life History Project will also provide
opportunities for college-aged students accompanying Woodward in her
excavations to learn about the fields of ecology, biology and geology, thereby
encouraging younger generations to pursue careers in science.

In addition to Woodward, Horner and Freedman Fowler, James Farlow,
professor emeritus of Geology at Indiana Purdue University, contributed to
the Paleobiology paper.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byMontana
State University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Holly N. Woodward, Elizabeth A. Freedman Fowler, James O. Farlow, John R.
Horner. Maiasaura, a model organism for extinct vertebrate population
biology: a large sample statistical assessment of growth dynamics and
survivorship. Paleobiology, 2015; 1 DOI:10.1017/pab.2015.19

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151002191729.htm

Share this: