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Fosil kaki manusia relatif  menggambarkan evolusi ' kekacauan ' dari bipedal berjalan

Studi Homo Naledi menunjukkan bahwa spesies baru berjalan tegak dan juga memanjat pohon

Date:

October 6, 2015

Source:

American Museum of Natural History

Summary:

Sebuah studi baru pada Homo Naledi, manusia punah yang sisa-sisa nya ditemukan di sebuah gua di Afrika Selatan dan diperkenalkan ke dunia bulan lalu, menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kakinya sebagian besar mirip manusia dari tubuhnya, H. Naledi tidak menggunakannya untuk berjalan dengan cara yang sama kita lakukan. Analisis dari 107 tulang kaki menunjukkan bahwa H. Naledi beradaptasi dengan baik untuk berdiri dan berjalan dengan dua kaki, tetapi  juga adalah memanjat pohon yang cenderung nyaman.

........ "Kaki Homo Naledi  jauh lebih maju daripada bagian lain dari tubuhnya, misalnya, bahunya, tengkorak, atau panggul," kata William Harcourt-Smith, penulis utama  , asosiasi warga penelitian di American Museum of Natural History Divisi of Paleontology, dan asisten profesor di CUNY  Lehman College. "Cukup jelas, memiliki kaki yang sangat mirip manusia yang  menguntungkan untuk makhluk ini karena itu adalah kaki yang hilang yang primitif, atau mirip kera, fitur pertama. Itu dapat memberitahu kita banyak dalam hal tekanan selektif yang spesies ini hadapi. "

Manusia modern (Homo sapiens) dan spesies punah termasuk homo neanderthalensis, Homo erectus, Homo habilis,  dan Homo Naledi merupakan bagian dari genus Homo. Genus Homo dan genus Australopithecus (punah, kerabat dekat dari Homo) disebut sebagai hominin......more

Foot fossils of
human relative illustrate evolutionary 'messiness' of bipedal walking

Study of Homo naledi suggests that new species walked upright and also
climbed trees

Date:

October 6, 2015

Source:

American Museum of Natural History

Summary:

A new study on Homo naledi, the extinct human relative whose remains were
discovered in a South African cave and introduced to the world last month,
suggests that although its feet were the most human-like part of its body, H.
naledi didn't use them to walk in the same way we do. Analysis of 107 foot
bones indicates that H. naledi was well adapted for standing and walking on two
feet, but that it also was likely comfortable climbing trees.

..........................

A new study on Homo naledi, the extinct human relative whose remains were discovered in a South
African cave and introduced to the world last month, suggests that although its
feet were the most human-like part of its body, H. naledididn't use them to walk in the same way we do. Detailed analysis of 107
foot bones indicates that H. naledi was well adapted for standing and walking on two feet, but that it
also was likely comfortable climbing trees. The work, published in Nature Communications today with a concurrent study
on H. naledi's hands, provides insight
into the skeletal form and function that may have characterized early members
of our genus.

"Homo naledi's foot is far more advanced than other parts of its body,
for instance, its shoulders, skull, or pelvis," said William
Harcourt-Smith, lead author of the new paper, resident research associate in
the American Museum of Natural History's Division of Paleontology, and
assistant professor at CUNY's Lehman College. "Quite obviously, having a
very human-like foot was advantageous to this creature because it was the foot
that lost its primitive, or ape-like, features first. That can tell us a great
deal in terms of the selective pressures this species was facing."

Modern humans (Homo sapiens) and extinct species includingHomo
neanderthalensis, Homo erectus, Homo habilis, andHomo naledi are
part of the Homo genus. The Homo genus and
the Australopithecus genus (extinct, close relatives of Homo)
are referred to as hominins.

Walking upright is one of the defining features of the human lineage, and
as feet are the only structure that make contact with the ground in bipeds,
they can tell us a lot about our ancient relatives' way of moving. In the
Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system in South Africa, the H.
nalediexcavation team recovered at least one specimen from almost every
single bone in the new species' foot. These bones represent at least five
individuals--two juveniles and three adults--including one nearly complete
foot.

Analysis of these bones has shown that the foot bones look much more like human
bones than chimpanzee bones, except for two major areas: the toes of H.
naledi's foot were more curved and their feet were generally flatter than
seen in the average modern human. Despite the close similarity in the foot
structure, H. naledi likely did not walk exactly like us, the
researchers say. Clues from other parts of its body--long and curved fingers,
and a more ape-like shoulder joint--paint a picture of a creature that was
undoubtedly bipedal but also a tree climber.

"This species has a unique combination of traits below the neck, and
that adds another type of bipedalism to our record of human evolution,"
Harcourt-Smith said. "There were lots of different experiments happening
within hominins--it wasn't just a linear route to how we walk today. We are a
messy lineage, and not just in our skulls and our teeth. We're messy in the way
we moved around."

Because the H. naledi fossils have not yet been dated,
researchers don't know how this form of bipedalism fits into our family tree.

"Regardless of age, this species is going to cause a paradigm shift in
the way we think about human evolution, not only in the behavioral
implications--which are fascinating--but in morphological and anatomical
terms," Harcourt-Smith said.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byAmerican Museum of Natural History. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    W. E. H. Harcourt-Smith, Z. Throckmorton, K. A. Congdon, B. Zipfel, A. S.
Deane, M. S. M. Drapeau, S. E. Churchill, L. R. Berger, J. M. DeSilva. The
foot of Homo naledi. Nature Communications, 2015; 6: 8432
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9432

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151006131938.htm

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