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Tikus Hog-nose  ditemukan di Indonesia

Date:

October 6, 2015

Source:

Louisiana State University

Summary:

Sebuah genus dan spesies baru telah ditemukan di sebuah pulau pegunungan terpencil di Indonesia . Penemuan baru ini adalah genus baru ketiga yang dijelaskan oleh kelompok ilmuwan sejak 2012 , dan mengidentifikasi tikus 

.......... Hewan adalah tikus tikus kesturi besar , datar , hidung merah muda dan lubang hidung menghadap ke depan hingga  mereka menamakan tikus berhidung hog , atau Hyorhinomys stuempkei . Dengan telinga yang sangat besar , kaki belakang yang panjang yang dapat digunakan untuk melompat , gigi seri putih panjang dan rambut urogenital sangat panjang , tikus berhidung hog begitu berbeda genetik  dari spesies lain yang para ilmuwan menggambarkan  sebagai genus baru . Penemuan ini merupakan cover story pada  Journal of Mammalogy bulan ini ......more

Hog-nose rat
discovered

Date:

October 6, 2015

Source:

Louisiana State University

Summary:

A new genus and species has been discovered on a remote, mountainous island
in Indonesia. This new discovery is the third new genus described by this group
of scientists since 2012, and identifies a rodent with features never seen by
the scientific community before.

.........................

Museum of Natural Science Curator of Mammals Jake Esselstyn at Louisiana
State University and his international collaborators have discovered a new
genus and species on a remote, mountainous island in Indonesia. This new
discovery is the third new genus described by this group of scientists since
2012, and identifies a rodent with features never seen by the scientific community
before.

On the second morning of their field season in 2013, Esselstyn and Museum
Victoria Senior Curator of Mammals Kevin Rowe set out in opposite directions
from their field camp to check their traps. Unbeknownst to each other, they
both caught the same type of animal in their respective traps and immediately
knew they were looking at a new species.

"We had never seen anything like this. It was obviously a new species.
We came back to camp and were both surprised that the other one had it as
well," Esselstyn said.

The animal is a shrew rat with a large, flat, pink nose and forward-facing
nostrils for which they named the Hog-nosed rat, or Hyorhinomys
stuempkei. With extremely large ears, long hind legs that may be used for
hopping, long white incisors and very long urogenital hairs, the Hog-nosed rat
is so genetically different from any other species that the scientists
described it as a new genus. This discovery is the cover story of the Journal
of Mammalogy this month.

Long incisors are a trait of shrew rats. But the Hog-nosed rat has
especially long incisors. Another distinct characteristic of the Hog-nosed rat
is that it lacks a jaw muscle attachment point found in most mammals called the
coronoid process on the dentary bone.

"I don't know of any other rodents that have lost the coronoid process
completely," Esselstyn said.

The loss of the coronoid process indicates a weak jaw musculature and a
diet that does not require vigorous chewing. The scientists found that the new
species eats earthworms and beetle larvae.

Challenging Study Site

The island of Sulawesi in Indonesia is geographically complex, mountainous
and challenging to scientifically sample. Little research has been conducted on
the island since the early 20th century.

"On Sulawesi, there is a lot of ground to cover and most of it hasn't
been surveyed before, especially at high elevation," Esselstyn said.

He and his collaborators from Australia and Indonesia have been studying
the region since 2010. Inundated by constant rain, the study site for this
discovery was a moss-covered habitat on Mt. Dako at about 1,600 meters
elevation and a two-day trek from the nearest village.

"There's a lot of biogeographic complexity at Sulawesi. So we're not
too surprised that we're finding new things. But our team has been a bit
surprised by the degree to which these animals are really novel. They are not
just subtly different organisms, but really charismatically different,"
Rowe said.

The scientists described the Few-toothed shrew rat, orPaucidentomys
vermidax, in 2012. One of the reasons why scientists have thought that
rodents have been evolutionarily successful is they have incisors for gnawing
and molars for grinding.

"However, this rat we described in 2012, doesn't have molars and they
really can't gnaw because of the shape of their incisors. Interestingly, this
species has lost the two things that we think made rodents successful,"
Esselstyn said.

In 2014, the scientists described the Sulawesi water rat,Waiomys mamasae,
which was known to villagers and their guides but not to the scientific
community. Villagers use this animal as a talisman to protect their homes
against fire.

"Our guides didn't tell us right away that they had caught it. We were
asleep and they were up late at night discussing whether they should give it to
us or keep it for themselves. We were very glad that they eventually decided to
give it to us, because otherwise we would have left and never had known about
this animal," he said.

These animals Esselstyn and his colleagues have described are new species
within new genera, because the animals could not be placed within any existing
group. After sequencing the DNA from the specimens, the scientists had the
molecular evidence to confirm the species' unique distinctions.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byLouisiana State University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Jacob A. Esselstyn, Anang S. Achmadi, Heru Handika, Kevin C. Rowe. A
hog-nosed shrew rat (Rodentia: Muridae) from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Journal
of Mammalogy, 2015; 96 (5): 895 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv093

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151006123830.htm

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