18.07

tata surya

bintang Dwarf   200 tahun cahaya mengandung blok bangunan kehidupan--T-REC semarang--komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik—komunitas semarang—komunitas reptil—komunitas reptil semarang—komunitas satwa—komunitas satwa semarang—komunitas reptil semarang—komunitas semarang—T-REC semarang hari ini—T-REC semarang terkini—T-REC semarang terbaru—berita T-REC semarang hari ini—berita T-REC semarang terkini—berita T-REC semarang terbaru—berita komunitas T-REC semarang hari ini—berita komunitas T-REC semarang terbaru—berita komunitas T-REC semarang terkini—berita komunitas reptil T-REC semarang hari ini—berita komunitas reptil T-REC terbaru—berita komunitas reptil T-REC terkini--komunitas reptil T-REC semarang—komunitas T-REC semarang—berita tentang flora fauna lingkungan hari ini—berita tentang flora fauna lingkungan terbaru—berita tentang flora fauna lingkungan terkini—komunitas reptil dan satwa semarang—komunitas reptil dan satwa T-REC semarang—chloe ardella raisya putri kamarsyah—prianka putri—aldhika budi pradana--berita artikel terkait tentang Dwarf star,star,bintang,constellation,Boötes,konstelasi,carbon, nitrogen,oxygen,hydrogen,solar system,bintang Dwarf   200 tahun cahaya mengandung blok bangunan kehidupan,tata surya

bintang Dwarf   200 tahun cahaya mengandung blok bangunan kehidupan

Objek di konstelasi Boötes dengan karbon, nitrogen, oksigen dan hidrogen

Tanggal:

9 Februari 2017

Sumber:

University of California - Los Angeles

Ringkasan:

Banyak ilmuwan percaya bahwa Bumi awalnya kering dan air, karbon 

dan nitrogen - blok bangunan untuk kehidupan - mungkin datang sebagai 

hasil dari tabrakan dengan benda-benda yang dimulainya  kehidupan  

dalam mencapai luar dingin tata surya kita. Hari ini, para ilmuwan melaporkan 

penemuan keberadaan hanya seperti objek - yang pernah mengorbit 

bintang tetangga.

........................

Banyak ilmuwan percaya bahwa Bumi adalah kering ketika pertama kali dibentuk, 

dan bahwa blok bangunan untuk kehidupan di planet kita - karbon, nitrogen 

dan air - muncul hanya kemudian sebagai akibat dari tabrakan dengan 

objek lain dalam sistem tata surya kita yang memiliki elemen-elemen .

Hari ini, tim yang dipimpin ilmuwan UCLA  melaporkan bahwa telah ditemukan 

adanya sebuah bintang kerdil putih dengan  suasana kaya karbon dan nitrogen, 

serta oksigen dan hidrogen, komponen air. bintang Kerdil putih adalah 

sekitar 200 tahun cahaya dari Bumi dan terletak di konstelasi Boötes .

label

Dwarf star,star,bintang,constellation,Boötes,konstelasi,carbon, nitrogen,oxygen,hydrogen,solar system,bintang Dwarf   200 tahun cahaya mengandung blok bangunan kehidupan,tata surya

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Dwarf star 200 light years away contains life's building blocks

Object in the constellation Boötes with carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen

Date:

February 9, 2017

Source:

University of California - Los Angeles

Summary:

Many scientists believe the Earth was initially dry and that water, carbon and nitrogen -- the building blocks for life -- likely came as a result of collisions with objects that began their lives in the cold outer reaches of our solar system. Today, scientists report discovery of the existence of just such an object -- one that once orbited a neighboring star.

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Many scientists believe the Earth was dry when it first formed, and that the building blocks for life on our planet -- carbon, nitrogen and water -- appeared only later as a result of collisions with other objects in our solar system that had those elements.

Today, a UCLA-led team of scientists reports that it has discovered the existence of a white dwarf star whose atmosphere is rich in carbon and nitrogen, as well as in oxygen and hydrogen, the components of water. The white dwarf is approximately 200 light years from Earth and is located in the constellation Boötes.

Benjamin Zuckerman, a co-author of the research and a UCLA professor of astronomy, said the study presents evidence that the planetary system associated with the white dwarf contains materials that are the basic building blocks for life. And although the study focused on this particular star -- known as WD 1425+540 -- the fact that its planetary system shares characteristics with our solar system strongly suggests that other planetary systems would also.

"The findings indicate that some of life's important preconditions are common in the universe," Zuckerman said.

The scientists report that a minor planet in the planetary system was orbiting around the white dwarf, and its trajectory was somehow altered, perhaps by the gravitational pull of a planet in the same system. That change caused the minor planet to travel very close to the white dwarf, where the star's strong gravitational field ripped the minor planet apart into gas and dust. Those remnants went into orbit around the white dwarf -- much like the rings around Saturn, Zuckerman said -- before eventually spiraling onto the star itself, bringing with them the building blocks for life.

The researchers think these events occurred relatively recently, perhaps in the past 100,000 years or so, said Edward Young, another co-author of the study and a UCLA professor of geochemistry and cosmochemistry. They estimate that approximately 30 percent of the minor planet's mass was water and other ices, and approximately 70 percent was rocky material.

The research suggests that the minor planet is the first of what are likely many such analogs to objects in our solar system's Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is an enormous cluster of small bodies like comets and minor planets located in the outer reaches of our solar system, beyond Neptune. Astronomers have long wondered whether other planetary systems have bodies with properties similar to those in the Kuiper belt, and the new study appears to confirm for the first time that one such body exists.

White dwarf stars are dense, burned-out remnants of normal stars. Their strong gravitational pull causes elements like carbon, oxygen and nitrogen to sink out of their atmospheres and into their interiors, where they cannot be detected by telescopes.

The research, published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, describes how WD 1425+540 came to obtain carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. This is the first time a white dwarf with nitrogen has been discovered, and one of only a few known examples of white dwarfs that have been impacted by a rocky body that was rich in water ice.

"If there is water in Kuiper belt-like objects around other stars, as there now appears to be, then when rocky planets form they need not contain life's ingredients," said Siyi Xu, the study's lead author, a postdoctoral scholar at the European Southern Observatory in Germany who earned her doctorate at UCLA.

"Now we're seeing in a planetary system outside our solar system that there are minor planets where water, nitrogen and carbon are present in abundance, as in our solar system's Kuiper belt," Xu said. "If Earth obtained its water, nitrogen and carbon from the impact of such objects, then rocky planets in other planetary systems could also obtain their water, nitrogen and carbon this way."

A rocky planet that forms relatively close to its star would likely be dry, Young said.

"We would like to know whether in other planetary systems Kuiper belts exist with large quantities of water that could be added to otherwise dry planets," he said. "Our research suggests this is likely."

According to Zuckerman, the study doesn't settle the question of whether life in the universe is common.

"First you need an Earth-like world in its size, mass and at the proper distance from a star like our sun," he said, adding that astronomers still haven't found a planet that matches those criteria.

The researchers observed WD 1425+540 with the Keck Telescope in 2008 and 2014, and with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2014. They analyzed the chemical composition of its atmosphere using an instrument called a spectrometer, which breaks light into wavelengths. Spectrometers can be tuned to the wavelengths at which scientists know a given element emits and absorbs light; scientists can then determine the element's presence by whether it emits or absorbs light of certain characteristic wavelengths. In the new study, the researchers saw the elements in the white dwarf's atmosphere because they absorbed some of the background light from the white dwarf.

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Story Source:

Materials provided by University of California - Los Angeles. Original written by Stuart Wolpert. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

---

Journal Reference:

1.    S. Xu (许偲艺), B. Zuckerman, P. Dufour, E. D. Young, B. Klein, M. Jura. The Chemical Composition of an Extrasolar Kuiper-Belt-Object. The Astrophysical Journal, 2017; 836 (1): L7 DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/836/1/L7

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170209163852.htm

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Batuan kuno merekam bukti pertama untuk fotosintesis yang membuat oksigen--T-REC semarang--komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik-batuan kuno-oksigen-oksigen--berita artikel seputar terkait batuan oksigen fotosintesis

10.29

photosynthesis

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T-REC -TUGUMUDA REPTILES COMMUNITY-INDONESIA


More info :
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Visit Our Community and Joint W/ Us....Welcome All Over The World
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Batuan kuno merekam bukti pertama untuk fotosintesis yang membuat oksigen

Date:

October 6, 2015

Source:

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Summary:

Sebuah studi baru menunjukkan bahwa bantalan batuan-besi  yang terbentuk pada dasar laut 3,2 miliar tahun yang lalu membawa bukti jelas tentang oksigen . Satu-satunya sumber yang logis untuk oksigen yang merupakan contoh paling awal dikenalnya   fotosintesis oleh organisme hidup , kata geoscientists .

.............. " Batu dari 3,4 miliar tahun yang lalu menunjukkan bahwa laut yang terdapat pada dasarnya tidak ada oksigen bebas , " kata Clark Johnson , profesor geosains di UW- Madison dan anggota dari NASA Astrobiology Institute . " Kerja terbaru menunjukkan sedikit kenaikan oksigen pada 3 miliar tahun . Batuan yang kami pelajari berusia 3230000000 tahun , dan cukup baik diawetkan , dan kami percaya mereka menunjukkan tanda-tanda yang pasti untuk oksigen di lautan jauh lebih awal dari penemuan sebelumnya . "....more

Ancient rocks record first evidence for photosynthesis that made oxygen

Date:

October 6, 2015

Source:

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Summary:

A new study shows that iron-bearing rocks that formed at the ocean floor 3.2 billion years ago carry unmistakable evidence of oxygen. The only logical source for that oxygen is the earliest known example of photosynthesis by living organisms, say geoscientists.

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A new study shows that iron-bearing rocks that formed at the ocean floor 3.2 billion years ago carry unmistakable evidence of oxygen. The only logical source for that oxygen is the earliest known example of photosynthesis by living organisms, say University of Wisconsin-Madison geoscientists.

"Rock from 3.4 billion years ago showed that the ocean contained basically no free oxygen," says Clark Johnson, professor of geoscience at UW-Madison and a member of the NASA Astrobiology Institute. "Recent work has shown a small rise in oxygen at 3 billion years. The rocks we studied are 3.23 billion years old, and quite well preserved, and we believe they show definite signs for oxygen in the oceans much earlier than previous discoveries."

The most reasonable candidate for liberating the oxygen found in the iron oxide is cyanobacteria, primitive photosynthetic organisms that lived in the ancient ocean. The earliest evidence for life now dates back 3.5 billion years, so oxygenic photosynthesis could have evolved relatively soon after life itself.

Until recently, the conventional wisdom in geology held that oxygen was rare until the "great oxygenation event," 2.4 to 2.2 billion years ago.

The rocks under study, called jasper, made of iron oxide and quartz, show regular striations caused by composition changes in the sediment that formed them. To detect oxygen, the UW-Madison scientists measured iron isotopes with a sophisticated mass spectrometer, hoping to determine how much oxygen was needed to form the iron oxides.

"Iron oxides contained in the fine-grained, deep sediment that formed below the level of wave disturbance formed in the water with very little oxygen," says first author Aaron Satkoski, an assistant scientist in the Geoscience Department. But the grainier rock that formed from shallow, wave-stirred sediment looks rusty, and contains iron oxide that required much more oxygen to form.

The visual evidence was supported by measurements of iron isotopes, Satkoski said.

The study was funded by NASA and published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

The samples, provided by University of Johannesburg collaborator Nicolas Beukes, were native to a geologically stable region in eastern South Africa.

Because the samples came from a single drill core, the scientists cannot prove that photosynthesis was widespread at the time, but once it evolved, it probably spread. "There was evolutionary pressure to develop oxygenic photosynthesis," says Johnson. "Once you make cellular machinery that is complicated enough to do that, your energy supply is inexhaustible. You only need sun, water and carbon dioxide to live."

Other organisms developed forms of photosynthesis that did not liberate oxygen, but they relied on minerals dissolved in hot groundwater -- a far less abundant source than ocean water, Johnson adds. And although oxygen was definitely present in the shallow ocean 3.2 billion years ago, the concentration was only estimated at about 0.1 percent of that found in today's oceans.

Confirmation of the iron results came from studies of uranium and its decay products in the samples, says co-author Brian Beard, a senior scientist at UW-Madison. "Uranium is only soluble in the oxidized form, so the uranium in the sediment had to contain oxygen when the rock solidified."

Measurements of lead formed from the radioactive decay of uranium showed that the uranium entered the rock sample 3.2 billion years ago. "This was an independent check that the uranium wasn't added recently. It's as old as the rock; it's original material," Beard says.

"We are trying to define the age when oxygenic photosynthesis by bacteria started happening," he says. "Cyanobacteria could live in shallow water, doing photosynthesis, generating oxygen, but oxygen was not necessarily in the atmosphere or the deep ocean."

However, photosynthesis was a nifty trick, and sooner or later it started to spread, Johnson says. "Once life gets oxygenic photosynthesis, the sky is the limit. There is no reason to expect that it would not go everywhere."

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Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison. The original item was written by David Tenenbaum. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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Journal Reference:

1.    Aaron M. Satkoski, Nicolas J. Beukes, Weiqiang Li, Brian L. Beard, Clark M. Johnson. A redox-stratified ocean 3.2 billion years ago. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2015; 430: 43 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.08.007

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151006192107.htm

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