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Apakah semua ular derik diciptakan sama ? 

Date:

January 14, 2015

Source:

Florida State University

Summary:

Penelitian baru oleh tim ahli biologi telah mengungkapkan bahwa menciptakan antivenom sedikit rumit . Itu karena jenis racun ular yang dihasilkan dapat berubah sesuai dengan tempat tinggalnya .....read more

Are all rattlesnakes created equal? No,
maybe not

Date:

January 14, 2015

Source:

Florida State University

Summary:

New research by a team of biologists has revealed that creating antivenom
is a bit tricky. That's because the type of venom a snake produces can change
according to where it lives.

......................

If you're one of the unfortunate few to be bitten by a venomous snake,
having access to effective antivenom to combat the swelling, pain and tissue
damage to these bites is critical.

But new research by a team of biologists at Florida State University has
revealed that creating antivenom is a bit tricky. That's because the type of
venom a snake produces can change according to where it lives.

Mark Marges, a Florida State doctoral student in Professor Darin Rokyta's
laboratory, led a research study that examined the venom of 65 eastern
diamondback rattlesnakes and 49 eastern coral snakes from all over the state of
Florida to determine whether snake venoms varied by geography.

In the rattlesnakes, geography mattered.

The venom from an eastern diamondback rattlesnake in the Florida panhandle
is very different than the venom from a rattlesnake 500 miles south in the
Everglades, and this has huge implications for snakebite treatment.

"So if you use just southern venoms when making the antivenom, it
would be ineffective against some of the more common toxins found in northern
diamondback rattlesnakes," said Florida State University doctoral student
Mark Margres.

The research is published in the journal Genetics.

In the rattlesnakes, they found significant variation linked to geography.
But, in the coral snakes, they found the venom to be identical no matter where
the snakes were found.

"This can tell us a bit of the history and evolutionary patterns of the
snakes," said Kenny Wray, a post-doctoral research associate in Rokyta's
lab. "This suggests that the coral snakes may be recent invaders to the
region and haven't had time to evolve different venoms in different
areas."

This information also will help with the development of coral snake
antivenom, because scientists now know there is uniformity in coral snake
venom. According to a 2012 estimate by the Center for Disease Control, 7,000 to
8,000 people in the United States are bitten by venomous snakes every year.

Not only are there medical implications, this information is also important
for conservation purposes.

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is being considered for federal
protection under the Endangered Species Act. But, if the snakes are removed
from one geographic area, they will be irrevocably deleted sfrom the ecosystem
altogether.

"If we lose some of these populations, we lose a whole venom
type," Rokyta said. "That really changes conservation."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by Florida State University. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
M. J. Margres, J. J. McGivern, M. Seavy, K. P. Wray, J. Facente, D. R.
Rokyta. Contrasting Modes and Tempos of Venom Expression Evolution in
Two Snake Species. Genetics, 2014; 199 (1): 165 DOI:10.1534/genetics.114.172437

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150114140529.htm

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